i,larch 25, 1905. 
fHE Gardening World 
MOTTO FOR THE WEEK : 
“When first the soil receives the fruitful seed, make no delay, hut cover it with speed.”— Virgil. 
WEEKLY PRIZES 
FOR 
SHORT ARTICLES. 
[ The Proprietors oi The Gardening World \ 
1 , ill give a- cash prize of Seven Shillings and r 
'iXL’ENCE FOK THE BEST PARAGRAPH, OR SHOUT < 
uticle, sent by readers during the week, and \ 
wo Shillings and Sixpence as a second < 
nize. The Editor’s judgment must be con- \ 
’jidered iinai, and he will be at liberty to use £ 
ny of the contributions sent in. 'Ibe para- i 
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tems of news or comments on news; hints of < 
practical interest to gardeners or growers of ‘ 
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I I- \ 
The following Coloured Plates 
have appeared in recent num¬ 
bers :— 
September 12.— SIX NEW DAFFODILS. 
October 3. — LILIUM AURATUM PLA- 
TYPHYLLUM SHIRLEY VAR. 
Novembei 14.—ROSE MME. N. LEVA- 
VASSEUR. 
January 2.— HYBRID TEA-SCENTED \ 
ROSE IRENE. J; 
January 30. — TUBEROUS BEGONIA 
COUNTESS OF WARWICK. 
February 27.-A FINE STRAIN OF ' 
GLOXINIAS. 
April 2. — WISTARIA MULTIJUGA 
RUSSELLIANA. 
May 7 — CACTUS DAHLIA DAINTY. 
June 4. —CACTUS DAHLIA SPITFIRE. 
July 16.— ROSE LADY BATTERSEA. 
October 1. — GEUM HELDREICHI 
SUPERBUM. 
October 15.—ROSE HUGH DICKSON. 
Back numbers may be obtained from the 
publishers, price 2Jd. post free. 
This week we present a Half-tone 
Plate ol 
LILIUM AURATUM. 
Next week we shall give a Coloured 
Plate of 
LILIUM HANSONI. 
The first prize last week in the 
Readers” Competition was awarded to s 
A. J. II.,” for his article on “ Hydrangea ' 
Thomas Hogg,” p. 222 ; and the second \ 
to “C Blair,” for his article on “Stove 
Amaryllis,” p. 220. 
Views and Reviews. 
Hybridising Roses. 
At the present day, when outdoor garden¬ 
ing has attained such a vogue, it seems quite 
natural that their admirers should be con¬ 
stantly speaking of Hoses from some or other 
point of view, seeing that Loudon, even in his 
day, described the Hose as “ the most orna¬ 
mental shrub in the world.” Roses have been 
cultivated both in Europe and Asia from time 
immemorial, but, although now extensively 
grown in America, the art is quite recent in 
that country. The explanation that Roses 
have been cultivated for so long a period in 
the two northern continents of the Old World 
lies in the fact that, those countries are the 
homes of the Rose, and were those parts of 
the world where civilisation first arose. 
No date can be given as to the origin of 
Rose cultivation, but we are certain that 
plants are never cultivated purely for orna¬ 
mental purposes until civilisation has taken 
good root where the cultivation does take 
place. Coming to the sixteenth century, we 
have book evidence that a few Roses were 
cultivated, half of which were single. Pro¬ 
gress in those days was very slow, and even 
200 years later, in Phillip Miller’s time, only 
twenty-one species were in cultivation, in¬ 
cluding a number of single wild Roses termed 
C O 
Briers. 
In 1829, we are told by M. Viviand-Morel, 
in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural 
Society for December, 190J, an enormous 
advance had been made in the cultiva¬ 
tion of Roses in France, as recorded by M. R. 
Desportes, who recorded 2,562 species and 
varieties then grown in his own country. 
These must have included garden forms 
which had been raised in some or other part 
of Europe, and collected together in gardens 
by the French rosarians of those olden times. 
Some time previous to this we are aware that 
the Dutch were very active in the raising of 
new vaideties or forms, which even found a 
place in this country, the large and double 
forms being then very much admired. 
Some new factor or influence must he 
assumed to account for such an enormous in¬ 
crease in the number of garden Roses even 
at the beginning of the nineteenth century. 
M. Morel says this was due to the hybridising 
and crossing of European and Asiatic species 
in a variety of ways. These methods of rais¬ 
ing Roses he classes under seven headings, 
which we may here briefly review. Before 
doing so, however, we may remind our 
readers that Mr. John Gilbert Baker, in a 
new classification of Roses, recently stated 
that, amongst the multitude of Roses in a 
wild state, the primary species, that is, the 
decidedly distinct ones, only number sixty- 
nine. This being so, some explanation is 
necessary as to the origin of the vast number 
now to be found in botanic gardens and in the 
gardens of amateurs more particularly. 
The first method of increasing garden 
Roses was the practice of transplanting into 
gardens those finer forms which admirers 
O ... __ 
succeeded in finding in the wild state. Those 
which most appealed to the amateurs of 
those days were the large-flowered forms 
known as Gallicas or Provins Roses. The 
older gardening hooks in this countiy de¬ 
scribe the Roses of this affinity as belonging 
to different species. They did, indeed, in¬ 
clude Rosa, gallica, hut the allied forms were 
regarded as distinct species, including the 
Cabbage Rose, the Moss Rose, the Provence 
Rose, and the Miniature Provence Rose. This 
author evidently believes that these various 
forms originated by the crossing of beautiful 
wild forms after bringing them into gardens, 
and that these various types which we have 
just- named are practically garden creations, 
nowhere found in a really wild state, except 
as forms that are evidently mere garden or 
supposed natural hybrids. 
A very good accouut is given of these 
Roses by the late M. Crepin, of the Brussels 
Botanic Garden, in his book entitled “ Rosae 
Hybridan,” or hybrid Roses, published at 
Ghent in 189L This gifted author enu¬ 
merates a number of species of Roses which 
have produced hybrids with R. gallica. Some 
of these are recorded by M. Morel, and out 
of eight species we notice that six of them are 
represented in the wild state in Britain. 
These are A. arvensis, R. canina, R. glauca, 
R. ruhiginosa, R. sepium, and R. tomentosa. 
These supposed hybrids originated on the 
Continent, but one or two are recorded in 
this country, which were also supposed 
hybrids with R. gallica in gardens and some 
of the wild Roses growing in the neighbour¬ 
hood. Although at one time regarded as 
British Roses, they have now been eliminated 
from revised floras. One of these was R. 
Monsoniae, or Lady Monson’s Rose. 
Other two lists are here given, one of which 
is headed by R. pimpinellifolia, or the wild 
form of the Scotch Rose. No less than a 
dozen species are here indicated as having 
formed hybrids with the wild Scotch Rose. 
Many of them are also British, hut that is 
also natural, seeing that our wild Roses,are 
practically European ones. R. alpina is also 
