79(5 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
October 14, 1905. t 
(spicerianum and fairieanum), plants are plenti¬ 
ful, and may be procured for a modest outlay. 
They are particularly vigorous, and will grow 
well under the same conditions I have recom¬ 
mended for the cool-house section of Cypri- 
pediums. The whole of this section are 
autumn and winter flowering plants. Cypri- 
pediurn Baron Schroder (oenanthum superbum 
and fairieanum) and some of the secondary 
hybrids, such as C. Minos and C. Norma, will 
also do well under the above-mentioned con¬ 
ditions. The tessellated foliage section, such 
as C. vexillarium (barbatum and fairieanum), 
O. Juno (callosum and fairieanum), C. Edwardii 
(superbiens and fairieanum), C. Mrs. F. L. 
Ames (tonsum and fairieanum), and one or two 
others, should be grown under warmer condi¬ 
tions, especially during the dull winter months 
of the year. The conditions of an ordinary 
plant stove suits them well. This class should 
not be potted more frequently than is absolutely 
necessary, as they are often difficult to re¬ 
establish when once they have been disturbed 
at their roots. H. J. Chapman. 
Hardy Trees and Shrubs. 
Autumn Tints.— It is generally admitted 
that at no season of the year are trees and 
shrubs more beautiful than at the present, and 
when a careful selection is made of those whose 
leaves assume varied colours preparatory to 
falling, and they are interspersed judiciously 
among the less showy occupants, it is by no 
means a difficult matter to produce very 
charming effects, either on a large or small 
scale. It frequently happens that those 
whicli colour well in autumn are also, very 
beautiful in flower, and some have brightly 
coloured bark in winter. Such as these are 
deserving of prominent positions, either in the 
shrubbery, or when isolated specimens are 
planted on the grass or in similar places. The 
practice of grouping shrubs which produce a 
fine effect in autumn has not yet received 
much attention, except at Kew and in a few of 
our best gardens, but where space permits 
there is no form of planting to equal it, as 
anyone who has seen a well-grown bed of Pyrus 
arbutifolia, Rhus typhina, R. Cotinus, the 
Golden Canadian Poplar or Spiraea prunifolia 
lena, will, I am sure, agree. Many, however, 
ave not the facilities for carrying this out, and 
a selection of some of the best may prove 
of service to those who have not had oppor¬ 
tunities of choosing for themselves. Of course, 
it is somewhat difficult to know which to 
exclude from the great variety now at our 
disposal, but those given below can be relied 
upon to colour well every year, and are not 
difficult to grow. 
The Acers are a very large group, and from 
them alone one might obtain a most varied 
assortment. A. saccharinum, A. circinatum, 
A. Reitenbachii, A. dasycarpum, A. Ginnala, 
A. macrophyllum, and A. rubrurn all make 
good-sized trees. Among the Japanese Maples, 
which comprise all the varieties of A. palmatum 
and A. japonicum, are to be found some of the 
best of shrubs, and the foliage is at all times 
highly ornamental. The Thorns are also a 
large group, and nearly all put on various 
shades of orange, scarlet, crimson and yellow. 
Crataegus Crus-galli prunifolia, C. C.-g. 
splendens, C. Layii, C. mollis, C. coccinea 
and C. oxyacanthoides are all worthy of 
inclusion. Rhus typhina, cotinoides, Cotinus, 
copallina and glabra laciniata, Quercus 
palustris, Q. coccinea, Waterer’s variety, rich 
scarlet, and Q. heterophylla are all handsome 
in autumn. Catalpa bignonioides changes to 
deep yellow, as do most of the Ash or Fraxinus. 
Taxodium distichum and the variety pendulum 
are both a pleasing brown ; Pyrus arbutifolia 
scarlet and yellow. Many varieties of Roses 
colour well, especially R. nitida, and few 
shrubs are more beautiful than the deciduous 
Rhododendrons. A. E. T. 
Hardy Herbaceous Border. 
We have arrived at a time of year when, on 
looking through the herbaceous borders, one 
cannot help feeling a sense of regret that the 
majority of flowering plants have finished for 
this season, as is evinced by the dead flower 
heads and fast-decaying stems. We are fortu¬ 
nate, however, in having a large number of 
plants to select from which flower during the 
autumn, and by making a suitable selection, a 
good display of bloom can be had throughout 
October and well into November. 
Many Chrysanthemums are at their best 
during this month, Mrs. Cullingford, Harvest 
Home, Ivy Stark, White St. Crouts, Lemon 
Queen, Mons. Louis Lionette, Horace Martin, 
Ryecroft Glory and Sunshine being notable 
examples. Rudbeckia nitida is one of the 
very best of this family, being about six feet 
in height and carrying quantities of bright 
yellow flowers between five and six inches 
across. Solidago Shortii is the best tall member 
of this family, and its arching plumes of yellow 
The Kitchen Garden. 
Beetroot. —There is no advantage in keep¬ 
ing this crop too long in the ground. In fact, 
it will hardly be safe policy to run the risk of 
sharp frosts or the ravages of slugs or mice a 
day longer than can be helped. No crop 
requires more careful handling. The more 
care taken in lifting and storing the more 
satisfactory will be the table quality of this 
popular root. 
In lifting it is essential that the tap-root be 
got out unbroken. Also the tops must never 
be cut closer than a full inch from the bulbs. 
Store in dry sand in a cool place free from 
excessive damp and safe from frost. 
Carrots —These do not require so much 
care in handling, and may be stored in much 
the same way as recommended for Beet. When 
grown in large quantities they may be stored 
in a pit in the same way as farmers store 
Potatos. Whichever method of storing is 
adopted it is well at lifting time to grade the 
roots, which saves considerable trouble after¬ 
wards- All poor roots can be passed on for 
cattle feeding, and any good roots that may 
have got broken can be set aside for immediate 
use. 
Parsnips. —In heavy wet soils it is best to 
lift the whole crop during this month and 
store like carrots. On dry soils only small 
quantities need be got up at a time. No 
better way of lifting Parsnips is to be found 
than to trench the ground and take up the 
roots as the work proceeds. This is a great 
saving of labour, and ensures the roots being 
got out intact. 
General Work. —We very often get a heavy 
rainfall during October, which greatly retards 
are very graceful. The best sorts of Pent- 
stemons still continue to give quantities of 
flower, and either in groups or as isolated 
specimens they produce good patches of colour. 
Crocus nudiflorus one does not often see in quan¬ 
tity, but it is one of the most pleasing autumn 
flowering bulbs. For planting under the shade 
of trees it is valuable, and never fails to pro¬ 
duce any quantity of pale mauve flowers. The 
best of all autumn flowering plants are un¬ 
doubtedly the Michaelmas Daisies, which are 
now making a wonderful display. So much 
have these been improved during recent years 
that very few of the older varieties are worth 
growing in the best positions. The most useful 
and decorative are those which have long grace¬ 
ful branches flowering from the base, such as 
Enchantress, Hon. Edith Gibbs, Brightness, 
Triumph, Cordifolius profusus, Ideal, White 
Diana, Captivation, King Edward VII., Golden 
Spray, Osprey, Vimineus perfectus, etc. These 
are seen to the best advantage when standing 
quite clear of other plants, and nothing sur¬ 
passes them when grown on single stems on the 
front of the border. Polygonum cymosum is 
a showy plant about four feet in height. P. 
compactum, about half as tall, also makes a 
good group. 
A. E. Thatcher. 
Aldenham House Gardens, Elstree. 
operations. It is all the more necessary, there¬ 
fore, that we make the most of what fine 
weather we are favoured with. On soils thal 
are at all retentive I strongly advise thal 
autumn and winter manuring be carried out. 
and all vacant ground be dug up as rough a 1 
possible. On the quarters to be trenched it I 
good policy to collect leaves and other rubbisl 
that will rot easily, and all such matter car 
thus be usefully employed in fertilising the 
ground. Where the sub-soil is very poor dc 
not bring it to the surface, but mix it well 
with the garden refuse, and by the next time 
trenching is carried out this sub-soil will be in 
a much improved state, and may then with 
advantage be brought to the surface. 
Preston, Linlithgow. C. Blair. 
Flower Garden and 
Pleasure Ground. 
Spring Bedding —The summer bedders are 
now practically over and should be cleared 
away at once to make room for the spring bed- 
ders, of which there is considerable choice. 
Hyacinths, although comparatively dear, an 
highly desirable for a few beds. Tulips an 
cheap and showy, and should be freely used 
For those with limited means the followin; 
among others are cheap and good : Chrysolor; 
(yellow), Carmine Brilliant, Crimson King! 
Purple Crown, and for pinks, Couleur Pod 
ceau and Rosamunde. Plant from 6 in. b 
9 in, apart, and if possible plant a groundwor. 
of Forget-me-nots or Arabis. Wallflowers l 
their various colours should also be plante 
freely. If they were “lined out’’in summeij 
as advised here, they will now lift with nic 
balls, and suffer little check. Albino Kale l 
OUR ... 
Northern Gardens. 
