400 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
Mar 13. 19 A 5. 
sweetly scented flowers. Nor can we forget that Chrysanthe¬ 
mum indicum in its aggregate form is the national flower of 
Japan, from whence were obtained a. large number of fine 
varieties until we learned how to raise new varieties for our¬ 
selves. 
To few countries are we so much indebted as to Japan for 
Lilies. Several of the species largely cultivated indoors, and 
to a small extent out of doors, practically furnish a big in¬ 
dustry in Japan, Britain, the Barbados and the United States. 
The largest number consists of Lilium longiflorum eximium, 
better known both in the Old and the New Worlds as L. 1. 
Harris!, and is more extensively grown for indoor cultivation 
than any other species. Several other varieties, including the 
type, are more or less cultivated, but none of them exist in 
such quantity as L. 1. Harrisi, popularly known in both hemi¬ 
spheres as the Easter Lily. 
The Golden-rayed Lily of Japan is also extensively grown 
under glass in one or other of its very numerous forms, several 
of which are remarkable not only for size, but their rich colour¬ 
ing or beautiful spotting. We need only mention L. a. platy- 
phyllum and L. a. p. Shirley variety, together with such re¬ 
markably distinct forms as L. a. rubrowittatum and L. a. 
Wittei. Coming close upon the heels of this remarkable Lily 
we have L. speeiosum, now spreading in gardens in numerous 
forms, though perhaps more extensively imported annually 
than grown in this country. Our friends and allies the 
Japanese can grow them so easily and send us them so cheaply 
that gardeners are not. particularly careful whether the bulbs 
live or die after they have once flowered satisfactorily. Both 
the Lilies just mentioned are hardy in this country in soils 
and districts that suit them. Hitherto the best forms of the 
Golden-rayed Lily coming under our notice have been grown 
in the West of England or Scotland, and we must admit that 
they were finer than has ever been grown under glass. 
A very handsome Lily is L. japo-nicum, with delicate rosy- 
pink flowers, and its beautiful ally L. rubellum, which is 
smaller in all its parts, but otherwise similar. L. elegans has 
furnished us with a host of varieties all more or less decidedly 
distinct, and some of them extremely handsome Lilies indeed. 
Allied to those which we- can truly place as varieties of this 
species are several Lilies from Japan which are- evidently 
hybrids, and have given botanists no little trouble in placing 
them in their proper groups. Somewhat similar is L. con- 
color and its varieties, which are characterised by their distinct 
and rich colours produced by plants that are smaller in all 
their parts than that previously named. 
The Tiger Lily also comes from Japan, together with its ally 
L. Leichtlinii. L. Brownii, L. avenaceum and L. Hansoni are 
other three types that are more or less cultivated, and everyone 
of them worthy of the- fullest attention. One of the giant 
Lilies, namely, L. cordifolium, also comes from Japan. To- 
fully understand the remarkable number of colour varieties and 
also those differing in size or stature it would be necessary to 
visit a good collection, or, better still, to have a collection in 
one’s own garden. 
Amongst shrubs, a first-class instance of a Japanese subject 
is Aucuba japonica, which has furnished a considerable amount 
of variation by seed-raising, and all of them useful for the sake 
of their foliage or their berries. Several species of Guelder 
Ko-se have been introduced from Japan, but in this country 
none of them have ever attained s-uch popularity as Viburnum 
tomentosum plicatum. Two other forms of it are, however, in 
cultivation. At least five other species are- grown in this 
countiy. Some- of the Abe-lias belonging to- the- same family 
also- come from Japan. Several species of Honeysuckle have 
been brought from the same countiy, but no-ne of them is more 
extensively cultivated in Britain than the golden-veined Loni- 
cera japonica aureo--reticulata, which is cultivated both undei 
o-lass and in the open air. Several varieties of it, however, 
are also- notice-able for the- beauty of their flowers, both in this 
country and in America, At least five specie-s of Diervilla. have 
been introduced to British gardens, and are best known under 
the name of We-ige-la. The original forms have been greatly 
improved upon, and fresh colour varieties obtained by crossing 
several o-f the species. 
Several very handsome species of Rose have been introduced 
from Japan, but three of them have been instrumental in 
giving us popular, showy, and useful garden varieties. Within 
the last few years the Po-lyantha. Roses, particularly the climb¬ 
ing section, have attained immense- popularity, both in the Old 
and New Worlds, and are plants of leading commercial value. 
Another race has been derived from Rosa rugo-sa, which 
has given us single and double flowers, usually spoken of 
as Romanes Ro-se-s. It has. also- be-e-n used as one of the parents 
of new hybrids, and some American cultivators are of opinion 
that a new race suitable for the American climate may be de¬ 
rived from this stock. From that source also we have received 
numerous varieties o-r hybrids of a recently introduced Japanese 
Rose-—namely, R. wichuraiana, suitable as climbers for 
a variety of purpo-ses as well as for trailing on the- ground. 
Two of the mo-st popular Deutzias, namely, D. crenata and 
D. gracilis also come- from Japan, and have- given rise to several 
handsome fo-rms. The last-named has been a popular green¬ 
house shrub for many years, and gardeners are liable- to- over¬ 
look its hardiness. Several species of Dogwood have reached 
this country from the Far East and, although not ye-t widely 
cultivated, deserve greater recognition where they will thrive 
in the- open. Some of the species of Styrax are exceedingly 
handsome little trees, covered with a wealth of white blossoms 
in June, and no-t unlike the- bulbs known as Snowflakes. Kerria 
japonica is one- of the- most popular of shrubs in its double 
form, whether in the garden of the lordly mansion or that of 
"the cottager. 
A whole host of subjects belonging to the Rose family has 
been introduced, including Spiraea japonica, which has given 
rise to a large number o-f varieties differing in colour, height, 
and time of flowering as well as duration. They have- perhaps 
be-e-n more often gro-wm under other names than the- correct one. 
At the same time, several other popular specie-s include S. 
prunifo-lia and S. Thunbergii, either single or double. The 
Japanese Apricot (Prunus Murne) is a valuable- early spring¬ 
flowering bush. Somewhat later we get a. number of other 
specie-s popularly known as Cherries, including the- Japanese 
Cherry in a number of simply handsome and distinct colours, 
including white, pink, rose, and even double yellow. Quite as 
many of the varieties are semi-double- as single-. There is also 
another specie-s allied to this, and both are hardy and amongst 
the most conspicuous of dwarf trees in this country during 
April. Then we must no-t forget that a large number of Pears, 
Crabs, Plums, and the Japanese Quince in a wealth of colours 
also come from that remarkable country. 
Many hardy trees have been introduced from Japan, and 
even the Babylonian Willow, o-f which we read in Scripture, 
has evidently co-me- from Japan, although now scattered over 
the civilised w T o-rld in countries where it thrives. This is the 
Weeping Willow proper, as it assumes a hands-o-mely drooping 
form naturally, and while the foliage- is the first to- brighten 
our river and lake banks in spring, it is also- the last to- leave 
us in autumn, as we have .seen leaves still hanging upon the 
tree at Christmas. 
The Japanese Hemlock Spruce is not much cultivated in 
this country, but the silver Firs, which are really numerous, 
have- been planted in numbers over the length arid breadth of 
the land, though several of them are no-t quite so hardy as 
the American specie-s. The go-lden Larch is also- a Japanese 
tree, and at present enjoys considerable popularity as a pro¬ 
mising forest- tree for the production o-f timber. The- Paulownia 
is not- quite hardy in some parts of Br itain, but in the south 
the tree is admired for the sake- of its foliage, and is sometimes 
used for sub-tropical gardening, when the- stems are- annually 
cut down with the object of getting strong shoots and large 
leaves. 
The Bamboos would form a subject for discussion in them¬ 
selves, but- at present, the- mere mention must suffice. They 
may be described as wo-o-dy grasses which are put to- a great- 
variety o-f purposes in their native country, and in Britain 
