446 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
May 27, 1905. 
blue Primrose has been developed often gave rise to plants that 
developed the common foot-stalk, thus making an umbel of Hovers 
like the Polyanthus. The difference between the Primrose and 
the Polvamthus has largely been broken down by these blue-flowered 
strains.' Even the same plants may. be for all practical purposes 
Primroses in ’the early part iof the seaison, and later on, w hen the 
weather gets warmer, they throw up the common foot-stalk, thus 
becoming Polyanthuses. These facts should, serve to confirm the 
idea that the Polvanthus is merely a Primrose with its common, 
t'oot-stalk elongated. Even the wild Primrose has a common foot¬ 
stalk to its flowers, which you may find by carefully looking for 
it low down amongst- the leaves. 
Strange Caterpillars on a Cherry. 
Can you say what the enclosed caterpillars may be They swarm, 
on a Cherry tree, and are devouring the leaves. V hat is the best 
way to get rid of them? (H. P.) 
The surest method would be to hand-pick them, even although 
a slow operation if the tree is of any size. A boy could in a short 
time collect a large number of these caterpillars owing to their 
conspicuous character, and if he once secures all the brood the tree 
will lie troubled no further this season. Others may, however, 
come, from a distance, and lay eggs upon the tree, which will hatch 
out in spring and devour the leaves. If you can find the eggs in 
the autumn you can prevent them from being batched out upon, the 
tree, and thus entirely save the foliage. Though the eggs are small 
they are laid upon a woolly-looking cocoon, so that the mass is 
readily detected bv looking for it on trees or other plants that 
usually get infested with this moth. The caterpillars are those of 
the Vapourer Moth, and feed on a variety of subjects. The female 
moth is as curious in its way as the caterpillars’, and may often be 
found upon the cocoon from which she is hatched and about to lay 
ecro's. The wings are veiy small and inconspicuous, so that the. 
females can only move about a small distance by crawling. \ou 
have thus a number of opportunities of preventing injury to the 
trees, namely, the caterpillars at present, the cocoons later on. the 
female moths which may be found on, or near the cocoon,, and the 
eggs which are laid upon the cocoon. Anyone with a sensitive skin 
should wear gloves while picking these caterpillars, as the bristly 
hairs with which they are covered have an irritating effect upon, 
tender skins. 
Potting or Planting Out Richardias. 
Is there any advantage in planting out Richardias as compared 
■with repotting? What is the best time to perform the operations? 
(L. Davidson.) 
There are several plans of growing Richardias during the summer 
months, and some have strong faith in one system, some in another. 
The planting-out system has something to recommend it in the strong 
growth obtainable' and the smaller amount of work attached to; 
keeping the plants supplied with water in summer. If you have 
a well-manured and deeply-dug piece of ground you might plant 
the Richardias on the level. On the other hand, a trench of greater 
or less depth is sometimes employed, and! by this means a heavy 
watering may be given without any danger of the water spreading 
over the ground, or running away. Undoubtedly the least trouble 
in keeping the plants would attach to this method. Some manure 
can be mixed in the trench in the same way as is done for Celery, 
and this would also serve to retain the moisture in hot weather. 
With the planting system it is necessaiy to lift and repot the 
plants sufficiently early in September to avoid any risk of damage 
bv frost, and to give the plants time to root ini their new quarters 
before winter. The largest blooms are obtained from plants reduced 
to single crowns by the removal of offsets at planting time. The 
roots are then entirely devoted to making strong leaves and spathes, 
On the other hand, there are those who advocate retaining the 
plants in pots throughout the year, merely repotting them when, 
about- to start, afresh after they have been stood outside for the 
summer. If any advantage accrues from this it would be that the 
whole of the soil would consist, of turfy loam or other rich material 
provided by tbe cultivator. The repotting may be done in June, 
or July, according to the time the plants recommence growing. 
Currant Shoots Withering. 
Several of the shoots on the Red Currants are dying, and the 
leaves withering up. They are like the enclosed. How can I check 
it? (A. L.) 
Shoots that are withering up in the way you state can be of no 
further service, as the pith has been eaten out by the caterpillars 
of the Currant Clear-wing Moth, namely, Troehilium tipuliforme, 
sometimes named Sesia tipuliformis. Your only remedy is to cut 
off all the shcots bearing flagging leaves, cutting sufficiently low 
to make sure of getting the caterpillar in them. After hawing made 
the cut, if the hole goes further down all you need do is to cut 
off another portion until you get at the caterpillar, which should 
be destroyed. As a rule, these moths are not in sufficient numbers 
to do a great amount of damage, but one moth could lay sufficient 
eggs to cause a considerable amount of injury if not checked.in this 
way. By destroying the caterpillars you will prevent them reach¬ 
ing the perfect stage to lay eggs or thus destroy other shoots next 
season. Nothing can be applied to the hushes that would affect 
the caterpillar in any way, so that they must be dug out, as in the 
case of the Carnation maggot. 
Names of Plants 
(W. Curtis.) L Alnus glutinosa imperialis ; 2, the Bird Cherry, 
Prunus Padus.—(H. D.) 1, Trollius asiaticus; 2, Ranunculus am- 
plexicaulis; 3, Ranunculus acris flore pleno; 4, Gentiana acaulis; 
5, Daphne Cneorum.—(J. W.) 1, Prunus Malialeb; 2, Leucothoe 
Catesbaei; 3, Pernettya mucronata ; 4, Ledum palustre ; 5, Kerria 
japoni-ca.—(W. C. D.) 1, Cardamine pratensis flore pleno; 2, Veronica 
gentianoides variegata; 3, Symphytum orientale ; 4, Iris germanica ; 
5, Lunaria annua; 6, Phlox subulata.—(E. D. W.) 1, Myosotis 
alpestris Queen Victoria; 2, Scilla hispanica rosea ; 3, Meconopsis 
cainbrica; 4, Saxifraga Wallacei; 5, Dicentra formosa; 6, Vinca 
minor variegata ; 7, Alyssuni saxatile. 
Communications Received 
Rev. Wm. H. Windle.—F. Mason Good.— W. F.—Heather Bell.—- 
J. F. Smith.—C. C.—C. Blair.—A. E. Thatcher.—E. Beckett.— 
J. Mayne.—H. J. Chapman.—H. T. Martin.—B. J. W.—Cal.— 
W. Dallimore.—James Matthew.—O. Goddard.—H. E. Edwards. 
Trade C* al eue< Kevuved 
Amos Perry, Hardy Plant Farm, Winchmore Hill, London.— 
Perry’s Catalogue of Water Plants. 
Hugh Dickson, Royal Nurseries, Belfast.—Trade List of New 
Roses. 
Readers experiencing any difficulty in obtaining “ The 
Gardening World” from newsagents will oblige by com¬ 
municating with tbe publishers. 
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ICONTENTS OF THIS WEEK. 
PAGE 
Apprenticed to horticulture . 440 
Amaryllid, a hardy . 433 
Bird songs, the characier¬ 
istics of . 433 
Bugloss, Wildpret’s. 435 
Calceolarias in cold frames, 
herbaceous. 431 
Cherry, the sour . 432 
Corokia Cotoneaster . 441 
Crown Imperial, the yellow. 441 
Everlasting Pea propagation 432 
Evesham, crops in the valley 
of ..... 420 
Flower garden, the . 431 
Fruit, hardy . 431 
Hardy herbaceous border .. 430 
Hoe, the man with the. 436 
Iris, the Japanese. 43S 
Japanese horticulture. 434 
Lamium puralbum . 440 
Laurelia aromatica . 432 
News of the week. 445 
Nitrogen in farmyard 
manure . 429 
Orchid, a hardy terrestrial... 441 
Orchids, among the.,-. 430 
Plants recently certificated 442 
PAGE 
Poppy, the tree. 433 
Potatos.the alleged deieriora- 
lion of .. 434 
Primula erosa . 433 
Questions and answers . 445 
Rattiatape . 420 
Ranunculus glacialis . 441 
Rhododendron Edgeworthii 436 
Rose, a fringed Ma’echal 
Niel . 432 
Rose, the glamour of a . 437 
Society and association 
notes . ■ ■ 443 
Sociei y, National Carnation 
and Picotee. 420 
Sweet Peas from Boghead .. 141 
Trade notice . U0 
Tropaeolums . 436 
Wallflowers, a fine group of 430 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Anoigantlius breviflorus. 430 
Dendromecon rigidum. 433 
Iris japonica (See Supple¬ 
ment). 
Primula erosa . 
