574 
The remedy is to spray with copper sulphate 
solution, either as Bordeaux mixture or copper 
carbonate. 
The objection to the ordinary Bordeaux 
mixture is that it causes white spots, but this 
is due to having the lime present in solid 
form. 
If when made the mixture is allowed to 
settle, the lime falls to the bottom, and the 
clear blue solution can be safely used. 
The carbonate solution is made with 3 oz. 
of copper carbonate, 1 quart of ammonia, and 
50 gallons of water. All fallen leaves should 
be picked up and burnt. 
The H. P.’s appear to be more subject to 
spot than the majority of Teas. 
The utmost care should be taken when 
working among the plants after spraying, be¬ 
cause the copper remains on the stems and 
thorns. I remember seeing some men who 
had to cut the blooms from a great market 
nursery, and owing to the bad attack of spot 
quantities of copper had been used. The 
thorns scratched the men’s hands, and blood 
poisoning set in, and it was a ghastly sight 
to see the poor fellows, whose hands swelled 
and flowed with matter. 
The orange rust is also a pest that should 
not be allowed to gain headway. All affected 
leaves should be picked off, and any rust 
appearing on the stems should be cut away, 
and the spot sprayed with sulphide of potas¬ 
sium solution. This spray should be used 
freely if the disease is at all prevalent, but 
every care should be taken to secure pure and 
fresh sulphide. It should be kept dark and 
absolutely airtight, or it will do more injury 
than the rust. 
I have seen mildew-affected Roses sprayed 
with sulphide solution made from old and air- 
affected chemical, to the complete ruin of the 
trees. Cal. 
SWEET PEAS 
AT WEST/AINSTER. 
THE N.S.P. SOCIETY’S ANNUAL SHOW. 
The fifth annual show of Sweet Peas under 
the auspices of the National Sweet Pea 
Society was held in connection with the 
R.H.S. in the Horticultural Hall, Vincent 
Square, London, on the 4th inst. Practically 
the whole of the new hall was devoted to the 
staging of the society’s favourite flower, and 
in our opinion they very worthily filled the 
whole of the space with Sweet Peas, including 
the two annexes. True, there were a few 
exhibits brought up for the R.H.S. commit¬ 
tees, but in all cases the exhibits were small 
and in most cases new plants. Visitors to the 
show greatly enjoyed the galaxy of flowers, 
consisting as they did of so many shades of 
colour and giving off their own peculiar and 
grateful scent. 
The chief complaint was the monotonous 
appearance of the exhibits throughout the 
hall. Those who merely intend to examine 
a show superficially would have found all they 
wanted to see in the first-prize exhibit in Class 
1, as it contained nineteen varieties in nine¬ 
teen colours, which represents the classifica¬ 
tion list of the society. 
Nevertheless, we cannot imagine that 
nothing more is to be said about Sweet Peas 
after examining such a class, as the exhibits 
throughout the hall gave evidence that Sweet 
Peas can he and were arranged in a great 
variety of ways, with or without their foliage, 
with and without crassesi and in groups of a 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
colour but of different shades arranged in 
vases of a great variety of form and size, as 
well as in baskets and brackets suspended 
from some object, and also in ornamental 
Bamboo stands, not to mention the large 
number of table decorations for which Sweet 
Peas are so admirably adapted. 
The same term relating to the monotony of 
appearance would apply to any other show 
specially devoted to one particular flower. 
Indeed, it cannot be said that Primulas and 
Auriculas could be arranged in such a variety 
of ways as the Sweet Peas. The same term 
would also apply to such shows as those 
entirely devoted to Carnations, Chrysanthe¬ 
mums, Paeonies, Potatos and Gooseberries, 
and we feel sure that most of these would 
make quite as uninteresting a show as would 
the Sweet Pea. 
In the space at our command we can only 
deal in a general way with the subject. There 
were at least a dozen entries in Class 1, for 
nineteen varieties representing the number of 
colours according to the N.S.P.S. classifica¬ 
tion. The leading prize was taken by Mr. T. 
Stevenson, The Gardens, Woburn Place, 
Addlestone, Surrey. The varieties shown in 
the background were Duke of Westminster, 
Lady G. Hamilton, George Gordon, Princess 
of Wales, Prince of Wales, and Jeannie 
Gordon. The middle line consisted of 
Gracie Greenwood, Hon. Mrs. E. Ken¬ 
yon, Miss Willmott, Navy Blue, America, 
Dorothy Eckford -and Coccinea. The front 
line consisted of King Edward VII., 
Dorothy Tennant, Duchess of Sutherland, 
Black Knight, Lovely, -and Lottie Eckford. 
The above represented all the leading colours 
in the Sweet Pea, although not by any means 
the number of shades. The flowers were large 
and of good colour. 
In looking through the exhibition, the Peas 
were not all of one quality, although the 
average was excellent, and the day being dull 
enabled the flowers to last in their best form 
throughout the day. In looking through the 
hall, very dominant in the exhibits were such 
varieties as King Edward VII., Miss Willmott, 
and Dorothy Eckford. That is what might be 
expected, considering that they are amongst 
the leading varieties of Sweet Peas and carry 
their weight in any exhibit in which they are 
permissible. 
Amongst blue varieties Navy Blue stands at 
the top of the list as a dark blue, but we think 
there is room for improvement for a new 
variety without any purple shading. Amongst 
the lighter blue varieties the most distinctly 
blue were Emily Eckford and Countess 
Cadogan. Additions to this class are Miss 
H. C. Philbriek and Miss Flora Norton. Both 
of the latter are of lighter shades of blue than 
the first two, taking leading places as light- 
blue varieties. Lavender, as a colour, was 
well sustained by Lady Grizel Hamilton and 
Countess of Radnor, which are in every way 
worthy of the high place they hold, though 
the first one is undoubtedly the better of the 
two. Some of the strains of Countess of 
Radnor have too much lilac-purple in the 
standard. 
The most abundantly represented of the 
orange shades were Miss Willmott and 
Gorgeous, which run each other pretty closely 
for first place. 
The Silver Medal of the society for the best 
new Sweet Pea was awarded to Mr. J. Wat¬ 
son, jun., The Gardens, Orford House, Ham 
Common, for Sweet Pea Helen Lewis. It also 
received a First-class Certificate. The bloom 
is very large, with deep orange standards, 
scarlet veins, and salmon-rose wings. An 
Award of Merit was given to Sweet Pea Tom 
Bolton, shown by Mr. W. Bolton, Carnforth. 
July 15, 1905. 
The large blooms have light mauve standards 
and lavender wings. The committee wa • 
unanimous, as the blooms were of fine size. 
Several others were highly commended, in¬ 
cluding Mrs. Hardcastle Sykes, a pink variety 
with large wavy standards and wings. This 
was shown by Mr. W. Bolton. Evelyn Byatt, 
with scarlet standards and carmine wings, was 
a bright flower, but small. Helen Pierce was 
a deep blue or violet flower beautifully netted 
with darker violet. Both of these were shown 
by Messrs. Watkins and Simpson, and were 
highly commended. Queen Alexandra is a 
lighter variety than King Edward VII., but 
otherwise similar, and described as sun-proof. 
Gold Medals were awarded to Mr. Henry 
Eckford, Messrs. Dobbie and Co., Mr. Bolton, 
and Messrs. Baker for splendid groups of 
Sweet Peas. Miss Easterbrook, Eawkliaiu, 
Kent, had a fine table of Sweet Peas, but the 
table was scarcely large enough for the design. 
The first prize in the open class for table 
decoration was taken by Mr. W. Marple, and 
Miss C. B. Cole, of Feltham, was second. In 
the amateurs’ class for table decoration Mrs. 
E. J. Sell was first and Mrs. Beckett second 
for very light and graceful arrangements of 
Sweet Peas. 
Amongst new blue varieties we were most 
taken with that named Horace Wright, with 
bronzy-violet standard and dark-blue wings, 
which, in our opinion, is far superior to Navy 
Blue. 
ORCHIDS. 
What they are and whence the? come. 
The fashionable Orchid, in botany a natural 
order of herbaceous Endogens, inhabits all 
parts of the world except those on the verge of 
the frozen zone or which are exceedingly dry. 
They are remarkable for the singular form of 
their flowers, many of which resemble insects. 
Soane of them grow in the earth, others 
inhabit rocks and the branches of trees, and 
a few of them are saprophytes. They all 
belong to the Linnaean class Gynandria. 
They are frequently of an agreeable scent, 
and a few, as the Vanilla, produce an aromatic 
fleshy fruit. Many of the epiphytal species 
have flowers of exquisite beauty, and these are 
much sought after by wealthy collectors. In 
Europe, Asia, and North America they grow 
everywhere, in groves, marshes, and meadows, 
and abound at the Cape of Good Hope in 
similar situations ; but in the hot damp parts 
of the West Indies, in Madagascar and the 
neighbouring islands, in the forests of Brazil, 
in the wild parts of Central America and 
Western Mexico, in the tropical parts of 
India, and in the lower -mountains of Nepaul 
they flourish in the greatest variety and pro¬ 
fusion, no longer seeking their nutriment 
from the soil, but clinging to the trunks and 
limbs of trees, to stones, and bare rocks. 
The Orchids of temperate Australia and 
New Zealand, as well as of other temperate 
regions, are mainly terrestrial. Those of 
warmer climates are chiefly epiphytal (not 
parasitical, as they are often miscalled). A 
parasitic plant obtains its nourishment from 
the tree on which it grows (like the Mistletoe), 
an epiphyte merely uses the tree as a sup¬ 
port or resting-place. 
Erratum;.— By an unfortunate oversight a 
mistake was allowed to remain on p. 545, in 
the third line from the bottom of the middle 
columh, where “ Messrs. William Paul and 
Son, Cheshunt,” should read “ Messrs. V illiam 
Paul and Son, Waltham Cross, Herts.” 
