912 
THE GARDENING WORLD, 
November 25, 1905. 
can be refilled with later flowering bedding plants 
held in reserve for the purpose. If you select t-o 
grow them in pots, the compost already mentioned 
will answer tolerably well. The point is to have 
the soil sufficiently porous to allow superfluous 
moisture to pass away. The bulbs need only to 
be inserted about an inch and a half beneath the 
surface of the pots, thus giving them ample op¬ 
portunity for making their new bulbs. 
Plants of Echinacea purpurea. 
Will you kindly tell me from whom I can 
order some plants of Echinacea purpurea, illus¬ 
trated on the supplement to The Gardening 
World, November 4th? (Mrs. R. B. Place.) 
All nurserymen who grow large collections of 
herbaceous plants would be almost certain to 
have this one. These names you can find among 
the advertisers in The Gardening World. 
Should. Lachenalias be Plunged. 
Would you kindly tell me if Lachenalias should 
be plunged in peat (my substitute for cocoanut 
fibre) like other bulbs? I never plunge Freesias, 
and thought, perhaps, Lachenalias went under 
the same rule. (C. W. P.) 
It would not be necessary to plunge any bulbs 
at all when potted if it were not for the practice 
of potting large bulbs almost on the surface of 
the soil. When these commence to grow the 
large number of roots they produce causes the 
bulbs to be raised quite out of the soil. In the 
case of Freesias, the bulbs are small, and are 
placed some distance below the surface. The 
same would apply to Lachenalias, so that you can 
either plunge them in peat or not, as you think 
fit. It is not necessary to have them covered, 
but if you do plunge them care should be taken 
to have them uncovered as soon as the leaves 
make their appearance above the soil, otherwise 
they will get unnecessarily drawn up. The best 
plan, we think, would be to treat them as you do 
Freesias. 
New Raspberry Plantation. 
As a constant reader and admirer of The 
Gardening World, I should esteem it a favour 
to have a reply to the following. I planted last 
year about- half an acre of Raspberry canes in 
new ground, double dug, in rows 6ft. wide, the 
canes set a foot apart, cut hard back, and have 
sent up a good row of suckers. What width 
should the rows ultimately become ? Also how 
far apart should the canes be left for fruiting to 
be shortened back without tying? (T. Tidball.) 
The actual width of open space between the 
rows is largely a matter of discretion, but the 
wider the space the better. There should be at 
least 4 ft. between the two nearest canes across 
the row, and certainly there should not be less 
than 3 ft., both for the purpose of allowing a 
free passage of air and also proper room for 
hoeing, cleaning, gathering the fruit and other 
operations. On this system of culture you should 
have a space of 15 in. between the canes and 
certainly not less than a foot as the fruiting 
branches produce a good thicket of shoots and 
leaves. Grown in this manner the canes are 
usually cut back to 3 ft. in height. Weak ones 
would have to be cut shorter to stand without 
support. 
White Chrysanthemum. 
I shall be much obliged if you will inform me 
through The Gardening World the name (and 
where to obtain same) of a hardy Chrysanthe¬ 
mum, white, not a small flower, medium sized, 
rather large, but not too large. (Novice, 
Finchley.) 
We presume that you require what is known 
as a hardy herbaceous plant—in this case a 
Chrysanthemum. There are numerous .varieties 
of Chrysanthemum maximum in gardens, and 
every grower of herbaceous plants keeps some of 
these varieties. If wanted for cut flowers or 
decorative purposes there is not a great deal of 
difference between them, but C. maximum King 
Edward is probably the largest, and if you do not 
require a flower of the largest size, but of medium 
proportions, the best thing would be to ask your 
nurseryman to let you have a variety of C. 
maximum of medium size. None of the varieties 
are small, so that any other variety except that 
we have named would probably meet your wishes. 
There is another species which produces smaller 
blooms, namely, C. uliginosum, which we figured 
on p. 867 of The Gardening World. This 
grows 3 ft. to 5 ft. high, and the flowers are 
about 1^ in. to 2 in. across. Any nurseryman 
who has a good collection would have both of 
these plants. 
Green Tomatos. 
A quantity of Tomatos of good size failed to 
ripen in the garden, till frosty nights compelled 
me to gather them. I have been told they can 
be ripened indoors. Would you say how this can 
be done through your valuable paper? (C. West.) 
If the Tomatos have not been injured with 
frost, they will yet ripen or colour up sufficiently 
to be fit for cooking purposes. You cannot ex¬ 
pect to get highly-flavoured Tomatos fit for table, 
such as those ripened under the effect of sunlight. 
For cooking purposes, however, those that are 
fairly well advanced to the ripening state will yet 
prove useful in the kitchen. You should lay 
them out in one layer in shallow boxes or trays, 
standing these in a greenhouse or some house 
where frost will be excluded and the Tomatos 
have the advantage of light and a little heat. 
Even if you have not this convenience, they might 
be placed in some warm and dry position in the 
kitchen or elsewhere, according to convenience. 
If within the influence of the heat of the kitchen 
range it will prevent the fruits from damping, 
while they gradually attain their colour 
The Blue Passion Flower. 
I should like some information about Dow to 
grow the blue Passion Flower, which is said 
to be hardy? Would it do well on a garden 
arch? (C, C. Wilkins.) 
The common Passion Flower (Passifiora 
caerulea) is practically hardy in the south and 
west, or practically in most places near the sea. 
It is liable, however, to get killed in very severe 
winters. The best place for it is on a high stone 
or brick wall, and looks well on the front of a 
dwelling-house. The aspect should, however, be 
facing the south at midday or somewhere near 
that aspect, so as to properly ripen the wood. 
It might live for a season or two on an arch, but 
it is more likely to get killed in such a situation 
than if planted against a wall where it will be 
kept warm and the roots in a fairly dry medium. 
Names of Plants. 
_(C. W. P.) 1, Crataegus orientalis (see pre¬ 
vious page); 2, Pteris hastata macrophylla; 4, 
Carex brunnea variegata (a Sedge, not a Grass); 
5. Arundinaria auricoma.—(T. W.) 1, Viburnum 
Tinus ; 2, Pieris floribunda ; 3, Arbutus Unedo ; 
4, Olearia Haastii,—(R. J. Barber) 1, Osmunda 
regalis palustris; 2, Lastrea arist-ata; 3, Cyrto- 
miuni falcatum; 4, Onoclea sensibilis; 5, Pteris 
seaberula; 6, Onyohium japonicum.—(0. R. 
Hedges) 1, Danaea racemosa; 2, Asparagus 
medeoloides (often named Myrsiphyllum aspara- 
goides); 3, Gasteria verrucosa; 4, Chlorophytum 
elatum variegatum; 5, Agapanthus umbellatus 
variegatus.—(A. B. R.) 1, Pavetta borbonica; 2, 
Abutilon Thompsoni; 3, Azalea indica amoena. 
Presentation to an Edinburgh Nursery 
Manager. —Mr. William Lamont, nursery 
manager to- Mr. John Downie, Beechhill Nur¬ 
series, Murrayfield, was, on Monday the 13th 
inst. waited upon in the Abbotsford Cafe by 
a large company of horticulturists and friend's 
and presented with a handsome gold albert, 
travelling bag, and umbrella, on the occasion 
of his leaving the district to take up business 
in the west. Mr. .T. D. Adair, in making the 
presentation, paid high tribute to the energy, 
skill, and success of Mr. Lamont, who made a 
suitable ieply and a happy evening was spent. 
Contents of this Number. 
Aburilons for garden and greenhouse . - 905 
Amateur’s letter to amateurs 895 
Aristea corymbosa ... . . ... 905 
Aster Novi-Belgii densus ... ... 904 
Aster vimineus . ... ... 904 
Beilis rotundifolia caerulescens ... ... 901 
Chaenostoma hispidum ... ... ... 899 
Chrysanthemum J. G. Shrimpton... ... 904 
Chrysanthemum Mrs. R. Hooper Pearson 904 
Chrysanthemums, exhibition ... ... 906 
Cimicifuga simplex ... .. . . ... 904 
Crab Apple Montreal .. ... 904 
Enquire within... ... . . 910 
Exacums ... ... ... ... 905 
Flower garden, the ... .. ... . . 896 
Flowers, the influence of ... ... 900 
Fruit garden ... ... . . ... ... 897 
Gardens, our northern... ... ... 898 
Gardening interesting, how to make ... 895 
Godetia Schamini ... . . ... ... 904 
Herbaceous border, hardy ... ... ... 896 
Ivies, gold and silver ... ... ... ... 901 
Kitchen garden, the. . 896 
Orchids for amateurs ... ... ... 897 
Peas, modern . ... 900 
Plants for the crevices of a wall ... ... 900 
Poultry and pets ... ... ... ... 905 
Salvia splendens grandiflora... ... .. 901 
Society doings ... ... ... ... ... 908 
Stove and greenhouse, the ... ... ... 896 
Strawberry, an abnormal ... ... ... 901 
Trees and shrubs, hardy ... ... ... 898 
Vegetables all the year round ... 899 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Aster Novi-Belgii densus ... ... ... 902 
Aster vimineus .. ... ... ... ... 903 
Celery, seedlings in various stages ... 899 
Celery, showing how it should be earthed 
up .899 
Chrysanthemum J. G. Shrimpton... ... 903 
Chrysanthemum Mrs. R. Hooper Pearson 
(See Supplement) 
Cimicifuga simplex ... ... ... ... 902 
Crab Apple Montreal... ... ... 902 
Godetia Schamini ... ... ... ... 902 
Strawberry, an abnormal ... ... 901 
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