January 9, 1909. 
THE GARDENING WORLD . 
17 
How to |VIake Vine Bordets. 
The first essential towards successful 
rape growing is a properly formed and 
arefully prepared border. Vine borders 
aay be of three kinds, viz. : An inside 
■order, an outside border and a com¬ 
ined inside and outside border, each 
Irpe, together with the details of its for- 
lation," being illustrated in the accom- 
anving sketches. 
The disadvantages of inside borders 
Fig. 1) are that they occupy a lot of 
aluable covered space and, with the soil 
eing unexposed to the weather, it often 
arns sour. These objectionable features 
re avoided in outside borders, where, 
owever, there is usually the disadvan- 
ige of a portion of the rod or cane being 
xposed to the weather before it enters 
le house, as shown in Fig. 2, although 
1 some cases the canes can be planted 
s shown in Fig. 3, which is, of course, 
le better arrangement, as no part of the 
:em is exposed outside. 
A combined inside and outside border 
; illustrated in Fig. 4, from which it 
ill be seen that the canes are planted 
jiside, the stems therefore being unex- 
osed, whilst the roots have the run of 
oth the inside and outside portions, 
rched holes formed in the wall in the 
fanner shown in Fig. 5 connecting the 
vo sections. Generally speaking, it will 
je found that Vine roots always' do better 
1 an outside than in an inside border, 
ad when everything is considered the 
)mbined border shown in Fig. 4 is prob- 
plv the best. 
Autumn is the most suitable time to 
ake a Vine border, and it is most im- 
)rtant that perfect drainage should be 
•ovided. The width of the border may 
be anything from eight to twelve feet, ac¬ 
cording to the space available, whilst the 
depth should be three and a half feet 
at the deepest'part, and to prevent the 
roots penetrating t the subsoil or running 
into a bad medium, which is often a 
cause of shanking, it is a good plan to 
cover the whole of the bottom of the bor¬ 
der with a layer of rough concrete and 
have a brick wall or stone slabs to en¬ 
close the front. 
Vine borders should be raised as much 
as possible above the surrounding ground 
level, and to ensure perfect drainage the 
concrete bottom should slope towards the 
front, as shown in the sketches, and a 
drain, formed of agricultural pipes, be 
laid along the front. Over the concrete 
bottom, drainage material consisting of 
broken bricks, tiles, clinkers and similar 
material, should be laid to a thickness 
of ten inches and then a layer of freshly- 
cut, turves, three or four inches thick, be 
placed grass side downwards, as shown, 
to prevent the fine soil from above being 
washed down into the drainage passages. 
The remainder of the border should be 
filled with compost consisting of twelve 
parts good turfy loam, cut from a heap 
that has been stacked three or four 
months and left fairly lumpy, say, in 
three or four inch cubes, two parts lime 
or mortar rubbishj one part wood ashes 
or charcoal and one part of half-inch 
bones. 
One year old canes are the best for 
planting, and they should be placed from 
three to four feet apart, according to the 
variety. Only shallow holes should be 
got out in the border, as it is not de¬ 
sirable for the roots to be more than six 
inches below the finished surface. Spreajl 
out the roots carefully, and scatter somip 
fine soil amongst them, filling up the 
holes with the soil removed and taking 
great Care to make it quite firm about 
the roots. After planting the canes, out¬ 
side borders should be covered with a 
fairly thick layer of manure, to protect 
them from frost and wet. 
Ortus. 
-- 
To Beautify the Underground. 
A movement is on foot to beautify the 
stations of the District Railway with 
baskets of Ferns or other evergreens in 
winter and flowers in summer, suspended 
from the stays of the roofs. 
- - 
H0SeS '’“under Glass. 
Now is a very good time to purchase 
Roses in pots for growing under glass. 
Anyone possessing even the smallest size 
greenhouse will find it gives great plea¬ 
sure to grow a few pot Roses. They can 
be had in bloom from March to May, ac¬ 
cording to the temperature at which the 
house is kept. I think they give best 
results when grown in what is known as a 
cool greenhouse, that is, where a tem¬ 
perature of 45 degs. is maintained from 
November to Februarv. with a rise of 
10 degs. during March and April. In 
such a structure they will come along 
naturally and be a’ better shape than 
when forced with so much heat. 
The plants should be purchased now, 
well established in 6 in. pots, keeping 
them plunged in ashes or leaves out¬ 
doors until the end of December, when 
they can be taken in and pruned. Pre¬ 
vious to putting them in the greenhouse 
remove about one inch of the old soil, 
and replace with some good rich loam 
and manure, with a sprinkling of bone 
meal. Start them in a temperature of 
45 degs., syringing them every morning 
with tepid water to start the buds into 
growth. As the days lengthen a little 
more heat can be given, sayr 50 degs. to 
55 degs. They will require very little 
water at first until growth has actively 
commenced. V hen the flower buds show 
a little stimulant might be given with ad¬ 
vantage, a weak solution of soot water 
answers very well, or Clays fertilizer, 
a teaspoonful to a gallon of water. Ven¬ 
tilate the house freely, especially when 
the weather is mild and open, but be¬ 
ware of draughts. If the wind is blow¬ 
ing from the east, then open the ventila¬ 
tor facing west, and vice versa. Roses 
grown under these conditions should be 
well in bloom by April. After flowering, 
stand the Roses on a bed of ashes outside 
to ripen their growths and repot in Oc¬ 
tober into 8 in. pots. 
The following are twelve good Roses 
for pot culture: — Frau Karl Druschki, 
pure white; Mrs. W. J. Grant, pink; 
K. A. Victoria, pale lemon; Earl of 
Warwick, pink : Mme. Ravary, orange 
and yellow; Richmond, crimson; Dean 
Hole, cream and pink; Mme. A. 
Chatenay, salmon ; Souv. de P. Notting, 
anricot yellow; Lady Roberts, apricot 
red; La France, silvery rose; Souv. du 
President Carnot, flesh. 
F. W Bluett. 
Making Vine Borders. 
