THE GARDENING WORLD. July 4 , 1908 
bad, it might as well be picked off, for it 
will die. This should be done at once, how¬ 
ever, because if you delay it, the maggots 
will eat their way down the centre of the 
leaf into the stem of the plant. They there 
eat away the pith and the tissues immedi¬ 
ately surrounding it, because by this time the 
grubs are of some size and require a large 
hole for their convenience. When once they 
have reached this stage,, the tcp of the plant 
is practically ruined, and will come away 
111 the hand when lightly pulled. If you 
succeed in destroying all the maggots now, 
your plants will not suffer after being 
layered, except from stray ones which may 
arrive from elsewhere. Besides dealing 
with the leaves as we mention, you might 
also syringe the plants with strong smelling 
tobacco water to prevent the mother flies 
from laying their eggs on the leaves. 
SOILS AND MANURES. 
3002. Anchovies as Manure. 
I shall be glad to have information 
through your valuable paper as to the best 
means of using three hogsheads—about 120 
gallons—of anchovies in salt, dry, for the 
purpose of manuring my land. I grow an 
all-round crop of vegetables, Tomatos in hot¬ 
house, and Roses, together with other 
flowers. I and my friends are very much 
interested in fish manures, and shall be glad 
to have some information. (G. P. Chadney, 
Surrey.) 
The best plan we think would be to put 
the anchovies between layers of soil in a 
heap till they are sufficiently decayed to be 
put on the land as a dressing when you are 
about to dig or trench it. The best plan, we 
think, would be to keep the manure within 
9 in. of the surface if it does not come into 
direct contact with the roots. If the fish 
are sufficiently decayed, however, it might 
be dug equally all over into the top spit of 
soil. Our experience is chiefly with fresh 
fish. As yours are salted, you will have to 
take into consideration the presence of salt 
in addition to the fishes themselves. Being 
preserved in this way„ and also being dried, 
they would take much longer to decay in soil 
than fresh fish or fish that was spoiled for 
use as food. The presence of salt would be 
beneficial to a variety of crops, such as Cab¬ 
bages and other members of the tribe, as well 
as Onions. We do not know that it would 
have any special benefit for Tomatos or 
Roses, except to act as an outdoor servant in 
helping to bring about chemical changes in 
the soil, by which vegetation and other mat¬ 
ter would be brought into a condition fit 
to be taken up by the roots of plants. If 
the anchovies are quite dry, it might be 
possible to have them ground up, because 
you could then use the material immediately 
as a dressing to be dug into the upper spit 
of soil. A small quantity of such manure 
might also be used in soil for potting, or as 
a top dressing. What we should object to 
would be bringing whole fishes in any way 
in direct contact with the roots of plants. 
If you take care to prevent that, we see no 
reason why you should not use the whole 
fishes on land after having been layered with 
soil for six months. The main point, then, 
is to have plenty of soil beneath and around 
them so as to absorb the decaying fishes. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
3003. Information about Rockeries. 
I shall be much obliged if 30U can inform 
me where I can get particulars of how to 
make a rockery with water effect. Any in¬ 
formation or particulars will be much es¬ 
teemed. (C. R. C., Midlothian.) 
There is much information with illustra¬ 
tions on such subjects in back numbers of 
The Gardeninu World, but as they are now 
out of print, it is impossible for you to lay 
hands upon them, except you know of any 
one having a set of copies. You can get in¬ 
formation that will be suggestive in the book 
named “ Rock and Alpine 'Gardening,” by 
H. Hemsley. It contains illustrations of 
rockeries, built in a variety of ways, and 
some in which water is introduced. These 
pictures, as well as the text, will be sug¬ 
gestive, and you can adapt your rockery and 
water garden to the surroundings. It is not 
necessary that each garden should be merely 
a copy of another, and indeed the best effects 
are brought about by studying the capabili¬ 
ties of 3'our own garden, and adapting the 
plan to the convenience and capabilities, as 
well as the surroundings, of your own gar¬ 
den. 
NAMES OF PLANTS. 
(H. G. Purvis) The white flowered plant 
was the Wild Carot (Daucus Carota); the 
purple head of flowers was the Field Sca¬ 
bious (Scabiosa arvensis). 
(R. M.) 1. Sidalcea Candida; 2, Geranium 
pratense; 3, Lupinus polyphyllus; 4, Cam¬ 
panula portenschlagiana; 5, Malva mos- 
chata; 6, Hemerocallis flava. 
(E. A. M.) 1, Philadelphus coronarius; 2, 
Choisya ternata; 3, Euonymus japonicus 
albo-marginatas; 4, Ceanothus Veitchii. 
(W. C. H.) 1, Chloropltytum elatum varie- 
gatum ; 2, Fatsia japonica (usually known as 
Aralia Sieboldii); 3, Lysimachia Nummu- 
laria; 4, iSedum anglicum; 5, a garden 
variety of the common Pink (Dianthus plum- 
arius). 
(J- West) 1, Lamium maculatum ; 2, 
Lilium pyrenaicum; 3, Honesty (Lunaria 
annua); 4, Veronica Teucrium dubia. 
(J. W. IF.) 1, appears to be Rhododendron 
Minnie, blush white with a large blotch of 
orange spots; 2, comes near to W. B. Elliott 
(see illustrations of these in this week’s num¬ 
ber). We are somewhat doubtful about W. 
B. Elliott. They should be compared with a 
named collection, as they are Only garden 
varieties which we cannot undertake to name. 
(W. J. S.) Sidalcea Candida. 
-- 
What is Our Earliest Flower? 
The above is a question asked in “ The 
American Botanist,” and answered by 
Professor Bailey as Draba verna, or as we 
should say, Erophila verna, for it is also 
a native of Britain. It would be difficult 
to say what is the earliest flower in Eng¬ 
land, because the winter is much milder 
than in New England, where the above 
plant is mentioned as the harbinger of 
spring. In some part or other of Britain 
the Christmas Rose may be seen in bloom 
in November, and from that time more or 
less till February. Then we have Galan- 
thus nivalis octobrensis, which flowers in 
October, although its congeners bloom at 
any time from Christmas till April in 
Britain. These are followed by the Win¬ 
ter Aconite (Eranthis hvmmalis) in Feb¬ 
ruary, from which time Crocuses, Daffo¬ 
dils, and other bulbs keep up a display 
till June. In referring to wild plants there 
are some which bloom during any month 
of the year provided the winter is mild. 
This includes the Daisy, concerning which 
the poet sat’S, “The Rose has but a sum¬ 
mer's reign, the Daisy never dies.” 
Nevertheless, we have seen Hybrid Per¬ 
petual Roses in the neighbourhood of 
London at Christmas and in the neigh¬ 
bourhood of the sea on the south coast 
quite in abundance. These winter-flower¬ 
ing Roses are, of course, mostly garden- 
raised hybrids. 
Chinese Paeonie 
From Langport. 
Amongst the various specialities i 
hardy flowers grown by Messrs. Kelwa 
and Son, Langport, Somerset, herbaceoij 
Paeonies hold a prominent position. ‘ Wj 
are in receipt of a boxful of blooms ct 
with long stems, showing how suitabl 
they are for filling vases and making u 
other floral decorations in the homt 
Many of these are scented, and when 
box is opened in a warm room, the coir 
bined scent is very strong. It is neec 
less to dilate on the use of these for ga; 
den decoration, as most people like then 
Amongst .the lighter ones, Meteo 
Flight may be'described as blush-white 
with a mass of narrow, pale yellow petal 
in the centre. British Empire is a sim 
lar style of flower, but the outer an 
broad, slightly fringed petals are clea 
rose. Several shades darker was th. 
named Noonday, almost the colour of th 
Rose Mrs. W. J. Grant, with the centr 
like the two previous ones. The darkes 
of all was a crimson-red named Sir Digk 
ton Probyn, almost the colour of the oh 
red garden Paeony, but, of course, flower 
ing much later, as this and all the other 
sent are garden forms of Paeonia aloi 
flora. Almost single was that name; 
Kitty Wardell, with bright rose petal 
surrounding a large brush of bright yel 
low stamens. 
A grand variety was that named Limo 
sel, consisting of a semi-globular mass 0 
rather narrow, more or less deeply cu 
petals, almost exactly the silvery pinl 
colour of La France Rose. It was als< 
distinctly scented. The Lady was a semi 
double one, having silvery pink petal 
with a rose coloured face and sometime 
striped. A very striking flower resem 
bling a French Poppy, consisted of brigh 
outer guard petals surrounding a mass 0 
finely-cut and fringed silvery pink ones 
Somewhat similar in build was Princ 
Edward of Wales, with narrow oute 
petals and very long, narrow inner one 
of a deep reddish rose on the back am 
•white on the face, being a very peculia 
combination. Miss Bryce was a similarl 
built flower of softer colours, the centra 
mass of fringed petals being silvery white 
A very handsomely built flower was Kel 
way’s Queen, of a soft blush-pink an< 
white at the tips. This was perfect! 
double, making a very handsome flower. 
Very choice was that named Summe 
Day, being a perfectly double bloom wit; 
broad guard petals, and wholly white; 
with just a shade of blush on the oute 1 
petals only. It was also scented. Quit 
different in its way was the semi-doubl 
Queen Alexandra, with pure white, broad 
incurved petals surrounding a mass 0 
pale yellow stamens. These were th 
only pure white varieties in the consign; 
ment, but they serve to show what a rang 
of colour and forms of flower have bee; 
developed from the original single whit 
P. albiflora. 
Philadelphus Lemoinei rosace. 
The flowers of this new variety ar 
semi-double, white, fragrant, and pro 
duced in clusters about 2 in. across; 
Award of Merit by the R.H.S. on Jun 
oth to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart, (gat 
dener Mr. W. Bain), Burford, Dorking. 
