494 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
July 25, 1908. 
amongst the roots of the grass. This will 
encourage good growth next year. 
ROSES. 
3047. Florence Pemberton Mildewed. 
I potted a Rose tree (Florence Pemberton) 
thas has mildewed. Is there any way of 
curing it? I keep putting powdered sul¬ 
phur all over it and have vaporised the 
house with it, but all the new leaves keep 
getting mildewed. The plant is blooming 
well. Do you think it is in the plant? I 
may say I bought it from a man who had it 
all through the house. Will you tell me 
cause and cure of it ? I may say the man I 
bought it from had it in some 5 in. pots last 
year and stored all the lot away together 
for winter. (J. R., Lancs.) 
It is just possible that the man who sup¬ 
plied you with the Rose may have got mil¬ 
dew in his house and that the plant carried 
away the mildew with it. That is not a 
very important matter to dwell upon, how¬ 
ever, as the spores of mildew may be in the 
atmosphere anywhere, and it only needs un¬ 
suitable treatment for the plant and suitable 
treatment for the mildew when anyone may 
get it in his house. Florence Pemberton is 
not particularly well suited for cultivation 
in pots, and mildew may be one of the 
faults against it. It is a splendid outdoor 
one, flowers freely in summer and again in 
autumn. The sulphur if dusted on to the 
leaves while wet in the early stages of attack 
cling to the foliage and keep down the mil¬ 
dew. Sulphur is disfiguring, however, to 
the foliage, and it will be worth your while 
to employ a more powerful fungicide which 
would destroy the fungus, even in its more 
advanced stage, and not disfigure the Roses, 
as you can afterwards wash it off, say after 
twenty-four hours. You should spray the 
plant with sulphide of potassium at the rate 
of ^ oz. to the gallon of water. Take the 
plant outside, as the sulphide discolours the 
paint of woodwork. This should completely 
destroy the fungus, and if it makes its ap¬ 
pearance again in the autumn you could re¬ 
peat the remedy. We should try some other 
variety for indoor culture. Light coloured 
Roses well adapted for greenhouse culture 
are Lady Roberts, Mme. Abel Chatenay, 
Mrs. John Laing, and Frau Carl Druschki, 
the latter being white. 
3048. Points of a Rose. 
Would you be good enough to discuss the 
points to be looked for in judging the merits 
of a Rose? (H. Staddon, Essex.) 
In the first place you should carefully ob¬ 
serve what classes of Roses are permitted in 
each respective stand as allowed by the 
schedules of societies. The points of a Rose 
are good form, size, substance and bright¬ 
ness. It should also be in perfect condition 
at the time of judging. If any leaves are 
shown with it, they should belong to the 
stem bearing the Rose. In the matter of 
form, there should be numerous petals, so 
as to form a good, solid bloom, and these 
should be arranged in a regular manner 
without confusion and possess a good centre. 
For instance, the centre should neither be 
open, split, nor confused. Size depends 
largely upon the variety, but the bloom 
should be of the largest size to which it 
can, on an average, be developed by high- 
class cultivation. Unusual size is always 
permissible in a box of Roses, provided all 
the other points are of a high order of merit. 
In some instances a bloom might be coarse, 
as well as large, by being overgrown, but 
coarseness should not be permitted. Bright¬ 
ness suggests that each colour should be the 
best of the particular variety shown. The 
colours should also be clear and pure. This 
includes freshness, because blooms that are 
too far advanced would, in many cases, be 
fading. When these things are borne in 
mind Roses may be judged by points where 
the competition is close or the class for cut 
blooms is a large one. A good average 
bloom may be given three points, a very fine 
one four points, and a bloom of surpassing 
excellence five points. In like manner, a 
bloom that is below the standard may be 
given two points, and one somewhat inferior 
to this would get one point. A really bad 
Rose should have no points at all. Exhibi¬ 
tion Roses proper belong to the sections, 
H.P., H.T., T., and N. Roses. If you were 
to exhibit Polyanthas, Wichuraianas, or 
others of that type, which are usually re¬ 
garded as garden or decorative Roses, they 
would be outclassed in a stand for exhibi¬ 
tion Roses. 
3049. How to Make Roses Bloom in 
Autumn. 
■My Roses have flowered splendidly, but I 
would like them to flower again in the au¬ 
tumn, if possible. What would you advise 
me to do to ensure this ? Do they require 
any pruning, and if so, how should it be 
done? I get your valuable paper weekly, 
and find it very serviceable. (R. D. A., 
Gloucestershire.) 
The shoots that have flowered may be cut 
back to a leaf with a good bud in its axil. 
This is usually near the top of the flowering 
stem, which should not be cut hard back. 
Hoe, or otherwise loosen up, the surface of 
the ground and give a watering with ^ oz. 
of sulphate of ammonia to the gallon of 
water to one square yard of ground once 
a week. In dry weather this quantity of 
water will not be sufficient to soak into the 
ground, so as to reach the roots. It is, 
therefore, necessary to give the ground a 
copious watering with clean water previous 
to applying the stimulant. This will en¬ 
courage fresh growth, and all the H.Ts., 
Ts., and many of the H.Ps., will flower 
again in the autumn. Indeed, the H.Ts. 
and Ts. should really be throwing up flower 
buds now, as they are more or less con¬ 
tinuous. 
3050. A Rose Screen. 
I have no proper background to the flower 
garden, which looks down over the vege¬ 
table grounds, and I would like some sort 
of screen to part them. I would like some¬ 
thing of the nature of a hedge, but not 
Privet, as I would prefer green foliage. 
Would any kind of Roses do? (R. D. A., 
Gloucestershire.) 
There are green-leaved Privets, as well as 
the golden one, which you evidently have. 
Several varieties of Roses are, however, very 
suitable for forming hedges, and in the au¬ 
tumn you could plant a hedge entirely of 
Dorothy Perkins, or if you like variety you 
can plant Crimson Rambler, Hiawatha, and 
Lady Gay alternately. The first-named is, 
however, an excellent one for making 
hedges, as it throws up strong stems from 
the base very freely and would make a hedge 
of considerable height. It would be well to 
stake each stem separately, as this would 
serve to keep it in its place, as well as to 
distribute the stems equally over the space 
necessary to be hidden. Neat bamboo 
stakes are as good as any, although straight 
hazel stakes of moderate thickness would 
answer the purpose well enough. It would 
be well to trench the ground where the hedge 
is to be planted, as this would give the 
Roses a good start from the beginning. 
3051. Annual Ross Mildewed. 
I have some seedling annual Roses, and 
I am sorry to say that they have what I be¬ 
lieve to be the Rose mildew (I enclose a leaf). 
If this is so, will you please inform me what 
I should do to clean the plants of it? The 
plants are in full bud, and the tallest of 
them is only 5 in. high. (S. Aldred, Essex.) 
The leaves of the early flowering Rose are 
very soft in the tissue and require to be cul¬ 
tivated in a cool, airy house, otherwise they 
are very liable to mildew. When well ven¬ 
tilated at all times they get somewhat harder 
in tissue, and when the air is admitted quite 
early in the day and not left until the house 
gets heated before admitting air, there 
would be less likelihood of a draught in the 
house. That is often blamed for giving a 
check to the growth of plants that have been 
kept close, so it would be well to avoid it. 
The leaf you sent was mildewed. It can, 
however, be cured. If you had just damped 
the leaves in the early morning as soon as 
the mildew was first detected and then dusted 
them with flowers of sulphur the disease 
would have been checked. If it is widely 
spread on your plants a more effective 
remedy would be sulphide of potassium at 
the rate of ^ oz. to the gallon of water, or 
as the leaves are tender you might use it at 
the rate of 1 oz. to three gallons of water. 
Do this in the morning, so that the foliage 
will get dried up early in the day. Now 
that summer is well advanced and the plants 
in full growth we should advise you to keep 
them as cool and airy as possible at all 
times. 
305 2. Lady Gay and Dorothy Perkins 
as Standards. 
I have some standards of Lady Gay and 
Dorothy Perkins which were planted two 
years ago, but though they are flowering 
freely the flowers are confined to last year’s 
growth that was cut back to 6 in. They are 
not making much growth, but there are no 
flowers on the young wood. Please can yon 
tell me the cause of this, and say whether 
they have been properly pruned. (A. C. J., 
Lancs.) 
Even when these Roses are grown as stan¬ 
dards they should not be pruned like a II.P. 
or T. You should allow the young shoots 
to remain full length or nearly so. When 
budded on tall stems they naturally form 
weeping Roses, and with the exception of 
shortening straggling shoots and thinning 
them out when crowded they should not be 
pruned. They really flower on the previous 
year’s wood, pushing out short branches, 
each bearing a cluster of flowers. The wood 
that should be formed this year will bloom 
next year. After the plants have finished 
flowering encourage them to make growth 
by giving some good artificial stimulant and 
plenty of water in order to get young wood 
for the production of blossom next year. 
The shoots that form should be allowed to 
hang downwards, and even if you happen to 
get any that are too strong to assume this 
position at once you should gradually bring 
them down. If you desire the umbrella-like 
head to be of a certain width you can manage 
it by fixing up a ring of wire and tying the 
shoots to this. Usually, however, this is 
not necessary. 
3053. Thinning Shoots of Dorothy 
Perkins. 
Which shoots should be cut away from a 
Dorothy Perkins Rose, and when, as mine is 
getting too crowded. (Devonia, Devon.) 
You can wait until your plants have 
finished flowering, after which the old stems 
may be cut away right to the base, or as 
many of them as it is necessary to give the 
desired thinness. The young shoots that are 
being thrown up just now should be care¬ 
fully preserved, and when you have cut 
away the old stems the young ones should 
be staked and tied loosely to prevent them 
from getting broken by the wind ot borne 
down by the rain. If there are not sufficient 
of the young shoots being produced tc 
occupy the site one or two of the old stems 
may be retained. 
TREES AND HEDGES. 
3054. Pruning; a Hawthorn. 
At one end of the lawn there is a double- 
flowered Hawthorn which is getting rather- 
straggling, as some of the branches are get¬ 
ting very long. What is the best time for 
