140 
THE GARDENING iVORLb 
February 27, 1909. 
amined before planting them in the autumn, 
and if there is any. evidence of disease all 
such should be taken out and burned. The 
disease can more easily be detected, perhaps, 
in the case of Tulips than Hyacinths, and the 
fact that they rotted away without starting 
would confirm the idea that they were 
diseased. * 
3650. Hardy Flowers for Cutting. 
I have three thousand square yards -for 
outdoor flowering plants. Any useful hints 
for the best flowering plants I would be glad 
of. (Florist.) 
We have already mentioned Roses suitable 
for pot culture, and we here give another 
list suitable for outdoor culture and to 
supply a large quantity of bloom. They 
are :—General Jacqueminot, Mrs. J. Laing, 
Caroline Testout, Liberty, Mrs. R. G. Shar- 
man Crawford, White Maman Cochet, Frau 
Karl Druschki, La France, Mme. Ravary, 
Souvenir du President Carnot, Dean Hole, 
and G. Nabonnand. Hardy herbaceous plants 
will come in very useful over a prolonged 
period, and should include Chrysanthemum 
maximum King Edward VII., Anaphalis 
margaritacea, Doronicum excelsum, Erigeron 
speciosus, Galega officinalis, G.o. alba, 
Gypsophila paniculata, Iris florentina albi¬ 
cans, I. pallida dalmatica, Phlox panicu¬ 
lata in variety, Scabiosa caucasica, Statice 
latifolia, and Aster Amellus. Other subjects 
that are always in request for cut flowers 
are Sweet Peas, Everlasting Peas, Carna¬ 
tions, and Pinks. You should study those 
things which will sell best in your neigh¬ 
bourhood and grow them in the largest quan¬ 
tities. When flowers are scarce in your dis¬ 
trict you will have to go to the nearest town 
in which there is a wholesale market, such 
as London, Manchester, Liverpool, Birming¬ 
ham, or any other large centre. If you can¬ 
not attend frequently you could make ar¬ 
rangements with some of the salesmen to send 
you on from time to time what you can order 
by letter or telegram. 
3651. Growing Christmas Roses. 
I wish to grow some Christmas Roses if 
my soil would suit them. It is rather a 
dark loam and deep enough, or would be if 
trenched. Would you let me know how it 
could be improved? (E. A. Grant, Cambs.) 
You should select a piece of ground facing 
east or west where they will be shaded by a 
hedge or tree from the midday sun, and tha/t 
will help you greatly. They like a substan¬ 
tial soil that will remain fairly moist dur¬ 
ing the summer. You can improve the soil 
by adding some good fibrous loam and well- 
decayed cow manure, working it into the 
soil at once. It may be trenched, and the 
good material put in the upper spit. The 
surface may be left rough till the end of 
March, when you can plant. If you divide 
the plants do it by hand, so as not to cut any 
of the roots nor damage them more than you 
can help. 
3652. White Tree Lupin. 
I have some plants of White Tree Lupins. 
Should they be cut down? The leaves and 
stalks are dead. (N. E. C., Kent.) 
The Tree Lupin and its various varieties 
are evergreen, though not perfectly hardy, 
so we presume if your plants were estab¬ 
lished they must have been injured by the 
recent storm and cold east winds. We 
should not advise you to cut them down, al¬ 
though you can cut off the dead leaves to 
prevent them being unsightly. The large 
portions will sprout out again when the tem¬ 
perature rises in spring. If you do prune 
the stems back the chances are that they will 
not flower till very late in the season if they 
flower at all this year. If the plants are 
really dead you will soon find out when the 
weather gets really fine. In that case there 
would be no help for it. I‘f once established 
the Tree Lupin should succeed well in your 
district. 
3653. Raising Various Flowers. 
What is the best way of raising Aquile- 
gias, Sweet Williams, Primrose Polyan¬ 
thuses, and Auriculas? I have two frames. 
Will a hotbed be necessary for any^of 
them? (Beginner, Wilts.) 
Aquilegias and Auriculas should be sown 
early in March in a cold frame, as they 
take some time to germinate. Polyanthuses 
may be sown in April, transplanted into 
boxes and transferred to a bed of well pre¬ 
pared soil in a shady situation in May or 
June. You can plant them 3 in. to 4 in. 
apart in the lines and 9 in. between the lines. 
Keep them weeded and watered in dry 
weather. In October you can transfer them 
to the flowering positions. Sweet Williams 
may be sown in the open in April. A hot¬ 
bed is not really necessary for any of these. 
ROSES. 
3654. Treatment of Recently Planted 
Roses. 
I have thirty-four young Rose bushes 
planted last autumn (Souvenir de la Mal- 
maiso.n. Lady Roberts, Jules Margottin, Mrs. 
Bosanquet, etc.) They are only about 6 in. 
to 8 in. in height and people tell me I shall 
not get any blooms this year. Can you tell 
me if this-is so and also what manure, if 
any, I should give them. The soil is a 
heavy clay and I am told very good for 
Roses. (E. V. Rowe, Surrey.) 
We see no reason why you should not get 
a good many blooms from your Roses if 
-you planted them properly in the autumn. 
We do not know the names of all of them, 
but presume there are Hybrid Perpetuals 
amongst them and Tea Roses, like Lady 
Roberts, which is almost certain to flower. 
Souvenir de la Malmaison should bloom in 
autumn as it is best then. A good deal will 
also depend upon the treatment of your 
he'avy soil, but if properly dug or trenched 
and manured so, that it will be fairly loose 
the Roses will start away sooner than if the 
soil had received but little preparation. We 
do not think that manure is going to help 
you greatly the first season, because newly 
planted Roses have few roots as a rule. It 
would do them no harm, however, to dress 
the ground at once with basic slag at the 
rate of 4 oz. to 5 oz. to the square yard. 
Any time between this and the end of March 
you could also give the ground a dressing 
with wood ashes which are always valuable 
to Roses. When they have well started into 
growth you can water the ground with a 
solution of nitrate of soda at the rate of 
1 oz. to a gallon of water, spreading this 
over a yard of ground. It should be applied 
after rain or if the ground is dry it must 
first be watered before applying the nitrate. 
A good watering now and again during hot 
weather would assist the plants in making 
growth, and they will flower in proportion to 
the amount of growth they make. Heavy 
soil is good for Roses. 
3655. Various Manures for Roses. 
I should be much obliged for some in¬ 
formation about the various manures that 
may be used for Roses, and their results. 
(A. G. Henderson, Staffs.) 
Whatever other manures you choose to 
apply you must use cow manure, if possible, 
well decayed and lightly pointed into the 
soil after you have pruned them in spring. 
Plenty of this should, of course, have been 
worked into the ground before planting 
them. Cow manure is slower in its action 
and cooler than horse manure. Pig manure 
is a good substitute for cow manure, being 
similar in its action. At the same time it 
is well to note that manure from dairy cows 
well fed on cake, etc.., is better than that 
from stock cattle getting less rich food. If 
fresh it should be thrown up loosely in a 
heap to ferment for a week and turned at 
least twice during that time. Cow manure 
contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid and p 1 
ash. -Mechanically it helps the-soil to rets 
moisture in summer and this -is of great i 
portance to Roses. Bone manure, if goc 
supplies phosphoric acid and a small pi 
centage of nitrogen. One-inch bones ta 
be applied to the soil at planting time; 11 
these are very slow and lasting. For mo 
immediate use top-dress with bone meal 
February. Superphosphate of lime may 
applied in spring after pruning and light 
pointed into the ground. .You may use it 
the rate of two to three pounds per rci 
It is quicker in its action than bone me; 
The above artificial manures supply pb 
phoric acid, and basic slag is another of t 
same type. It may be applied in autun 
Potash may most profitably be applied 
light soil. Some of this will be contained 
farmyard manure, also in urine from co 
houses and from manure heaps. Wood asl 
also supply it, and this may be given 
spring. Nitrogen is also a valuable manv 
and serves to encourage the growth of wo 
and foliage. It may be applied at *he r; 
of 4 oz. to the gallon of water at interv; 
of three weeks from the time the Roses co 
mence growing until the buds commence 
open. Soot water supplies a little nitmg 
in the form of ammonia and gives go 
colour to the foliage. Potash is valuable 
the manufacture of starch in the foliatj 
Lime may be applied with advantage 
heavy soils, but not at frequent interva 
Lime rubble would be less active and wou 
answer the purpose. Marl and chalk a 
also slow acting forms of lime. For the pi 
pose of food a sufficient amount of lime w 
usually be found in superphosphate and t 
various forms of bone manure. If you 
not care to get and apply all of the ’abo 
manures separately you can always buy soi 
of those good general manures that are a 
vertised’ in our pages, as they supply t 
three principal elements of plant food, aj 
more convenient to handle, take less tin 
and have no bad odours. Most soils conta' 
all of the elements of plant food in su: 
cient quantity, with the exception of phi 
phorous, potash, nitrogen, and occasional 
lime. If you desire to get more growth 
wood and leaves then apply some of tb 
manures which contain nitrogen. Besidi 
those we have already mentioned, includii 
the general manures, it is also present 
liquid manure. 
VEGETABLES. 
3656. Sunrise Tomato. 
Is Carter’s Sunrise Tomato similar 
Holmes’ Supreme in habit of growth? i 
have been strongly recommended to try r tl 
variety. (Carter’s Sunrise), but I should li 
to know if it is short-jointed in growth, 
my greenhouse is too small to accommod? 
long-growing varieties. (A. A.', Cheadle. 
Carter’s Sunrise Tomato is one of the bt 
for indoor or outdoor cultivation. It 
early, prolific, of good flavour, short-jointe 
and produces large bunches of smooth fru 
of moderate size. It does not matter wh 
is the natural height of a Tomato, as yi 
can stop any variety after it has set ai 
given number of bunches of fruit. For i 
stance, you can stop it after it has set thre; 
four, or six bunches of fruit according 
the height of your house. It will make} 
strong endeavour to throw out side shoo 
but all of these should be removed direct' 
they make their appearance. 
FRUIT. 
3657. Position for Raspberries ai 
Strawberries. 
When is the best time to plant Raspberr: ; 
and Strawberries, as I have a piece of grou ; 
which I think would suit them. Do th. 
like sun or shade? One part of the gardi 
