184 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
March 13, 1909. 
the loose crumbs in the bottom will have to 
be put on the top of the upper layer of 
manure. We may as well remind you that 
after the soil has been all taken out of the 
trench the best plan is to loosen up the bot¬ 
tom of the trench, even if it is necessary to 
use a pick or mattock. You cannot use any 
maximum amount as there is no such thing. 
Farmers or market gardeners may consider 
anything good manuring from 20 to 100 
loads per acre, but according to the French 
system of gardening five hundred tons an 
acre may be employed. You need not hesi¬ 
tate, therefore, to use it liberally for the 
first few years, distributing it through the 
soil when trenching. If the subsoil is heavy, 
uncongenial stuff, we should have the ground 
trenched in such a way as to keep that 
heavy and relatively barren material in the 
bottom of the trench and the best material 
on the top. 
NAMES OF PLANTS. 
(C. D.) 1, Acacia dealbata ; 2, Acacia ar- 
mata; 3, 'Carex brunnea variegata; 4, Sela- 
ginella emiliana. 
(Reader, Kent) 1, Erica carnea; 2, Ber- 
beris Aquifolium (the leaves will become 
green again in spring) ; 3, Cornus Mas; 4, 
I-Iedera Helix palmata; 5, Pernettya mu- 
cronata; 6, Olearia Haastii. 
(S. M. W.) 1, Casteria verrucosa; 2, Eche- 
veria secunda glauca ; 3, Hippeastrum reti- 
culatum; 4, Begonia metallica. 
(G. D. Welch), i, Hamamelis arborea; 2, 
Cornus Mas; 3, Olearia Haastii; 4, Erica 
carnea; 5, Viburnum Tinus; 6, Gaultheria 
procumbens. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Little and Ballantvne, Carlisle. — Farm 
Seeds. 
R. Wallace and Co., Kilnfield Gardens, 
Colchester, Essex.—-Bulbs and Plants for 
Spring Planting. 
Wm. Watson and Sons, Ltd., Clontarf 
Nurseries, Dublin. — Plants for the Garden. 
James -Carter and Co., 237, 238 and 97, 
High Holborn, London.—Farm. 
Thomas S. Ware (’02), Ltd., Feltham, 
Middlesex.—Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, 
Water Lilies, Bog Plants, etc. 
-♦♦♦- 
The Dangers of Scents. 
Scents have their danger, the “ Graphic” 
reminds us. Lovers have killed them¬ 
selves on a bed of Roses, and people have 
died in a closed bedchamber from the 
perfume of Lilies. Singers know the 
dangers of strongly odorous flowers, which 
attack the throat in some subtle fashion, 
and will even refuse to sing till all the 
beautiful deadly blossoms are removed. 
Innumerable prejudices hang about the 
peculiarities of perfumes, which seem to 
act on the nervous system in some mys¬ 
terious manner. The mere smell of a cat, 
or of musk taken from the civet cat, 
makes some people ill; others cannot 
stand Apples ; vertigo and fainting is pro¬ 
duced in some persons by the Hyacinth, 
and the Lily overpoivers delicate consti¬ 
tutions; Quinces and Lemons disagree 
with some, and the emanation of the 
Upas tree is said to produce death. The 
Orange-flower causes people to fall into 
an overpowering sleep at the time when 
the Orange groves are in full blossom, 
and the sickly smell of Jessamine is in¬ 
tolerable to many. Lavender, however, 
y reviving, Verbena good for the nerves, 
Rosemary healthy and invigorating. 
- Shrubberies. - 
How often do we see shrubberies a 
mere thicket of branches of all descrip¬ 
tions which no amount of pruning will 
ever make presentable. 
In planting a young shrubbery the 
planter should first of all decide what 
plants he intends shall be permanent. 
These he should so distribute throughout 
the space that when the shrubs attain 
their full size there will be a clear space 
between each plant enough to let one 
pass between them. Care should be 
taken to so arrange the plants that when 
full grown the shrubbery will have a nice 
graceful appearance. After he has the 
permanent plants in position he will have 
large bare spaces which he can fill in 
with other plants of a cheaper sort if ex¬ 
pense is to be considered. 
The first year after planting he should 
go over all the shrubs and prune any 
that are not well balanced. In tw r o years’ 
time the shrubbery will require thinning. 
The first plants taken out should be those 
which are likely to crush the permanent 
plants. They can either be planted in 
another part of the garden, or sold, or, if 
worthless, thrown out altogether. The 
following year more will have to come 
out until ultimately nothing but the per¬ 
manent plants are left. Although most 
shrubs grow naturally into shapely bushes 
if plenty of room is given them, still a 
little pruning with the knife is often 
necessary so that they may attain a well- 
balanced appearance. 
The shrubbery should always be kept 
free from weeds, and if mulching can be 
done with lawn mowings, leaves or 
manure so much the better. A few good 
plants for shrubberies are Hybrid Rhodo¬ 
dendrons, Skimmia, Berberis Thun- 
bergii, B. Darwinii, B. stenophylla, Au- 
cuba, Andromeda, Choisya ternata, 
Ribes, Deutzia, Daphne, Philadelphus 
Olearia, Viburnums, and although not 
often seen, Desfontainea spinosa, Lilac, 
and a host of others. 
Standard Roses can also be very effec¬ 
tively used in a shrubbery. They, of 
course, will have to be well staked so that 
the wind will not break them. They can 
either be used as pot plants or a colony of 
them can be planted together. 
Nemo. 
-- 
Birds and Fruit. 
A Letter to the Editor. 
Sir,—The correspondence in your 
columns respecting sparrows is an illus¬ 
tration of the curious disposition some 
people exhibit of desiring to interfere with 
the ordinary course of nature. 
I live on the side of a river and grow 
fruit. I live in an atmosphere of birds, 
but I preserve my fruit. I had a gar¬ 
dener once who .set to work shooting birds 
because an army of tits stripped a Cherry 
tree of its buds in a single morning. I 
stopped him, and explained that no 
amount of shooting would mend matters. 
You must protect the fruit and encourage 
the birds to do their office of protecting 
the trees from grubs. The water brings 
the birds, and I feed them on the prin¬ 
ciple that when birds cease to be hungry 
they cease to be mischievous. I fiav 
blackbirds, thrushes, the whole fine 
tribe, the wagtail, and innumerable spai 
rows. The thrushes clear my lawn c 
worms. I have not a slug in the whol 
place, and the fruit flourishes because th 
birds do their office, and I protect th 
fruit. It is far easier to protect than t< 
shoot, and while protection is effectual 
shooting is ridiculous. 
Blackbirds and thrushes like Straw 
berries, and Strawberries I protect b’ 
erecting over the entire bed a tent of net 
ting 6 ft. high. Once arranged, it i 
good for years. Pears I protect witl 
bags made of mosquito net. When pro 
periy grown Pears cluster, and a bag ma- 
enclose half a dozen. No birds toucl 
them ; the fruit is the more' delicate ir 
the result, and the string of the bag being 
passed over a neighbouring twig, if the 
ripe fruit falls it hangs in the bag. Those 
who know nothing about it and want tc 
shoot sparrows, exclaim, “What a cost 
and what labour ! ” Nothing of the kind 
a few shillings and a few hours, and th- 
bags last for years. As you go on yea 
by year you accumulate thousands 0: 
bags, you get your fruit, and the bird 
serve you by taking the grub. 
So convinced am I of the soundness ot 
this policy of protection, that I content 
plate covering about a auarter of an acre 
of choice fruit trees with inch mesh wire 
from a high wall; but I shall give free 
entrance to the birds for nine months ir 
the year. I regard them as a necessity 
and put them in the category of root prun¬ 
ing and other little attentions not gener¬ 
ally observed. 
Frederick Wicks. 
From the “Saturday Review.” 
-- 
Horticulture at the “ White City.” 
Mr. W. H. Adsett has been appointed 
Hon. Secretary to the Horticultural and 
Agricultural Section of the Imperial In¬ 
ternational Exhibition. An influential 
committee is now being formed. It is in¬ 
tended to hold two international flower 
shows during the season, and a special 
feature is to be made of bedding, which 
proved so attractive at the “ White City' 
last year. Several of the leading Con¬ 
tinental firms are arranging to provide 
specimens of the bedding art, and it i- 
hoped to secure an adequate British re¬ 
presentation, in order that a comparison 
of the various methods in vogue may be 
afforded 
A Rose that Changes Colour. 
The Chinese, Japanese, and Siamesei 
are said to be peculiarly skilful at bo¬ 
tanical feats, the most wonderful achieve¬ 
ment of which is known as the “change¬ 
able Rose.” The bloom of this unique 
effort, says the “Globe,” is white in the' 
shade and red in the sunlight. After 
nightfall or in a dark room this curiosity 
of the Rose family is a pure waxy-whitel 
blossom. When transferred to the open 
air, the transformation immediately takes 
place, the time of the entire change oi! 
the flower from white to red depending! 
on the degree of sunlight and warmth. 
First the petals take on a kind of washed 
or faded blue colour, and rapidly change 
to a faint blush of pink. The pink gradu¬ 
ally deepens in hue until one finds that! 
the Lily-white of an hour before is as rec 
as the reddest Paeony that ever bloomed 
