THE GARDENING WORLD 
April io, 1909. 
colours that would supersede the varieties 
first put into commerce. 
Needless to say, immense success has 
rewarded their endeavours, and amongst 
the white varieties at the present day 
Lady Bountiful and White Perfection 
take first place. They have not been 
superseded yet, but took a prominent 
position amongst the white varieties 
shown at the exhibition of the Perpetual 
Flowering Carnation Society. Tile lat¬ 
ter society was founded specially for the 
benefit of this particular class, and the 
name perpetual given to the society had 
reference to the perpetual flowering 
character of some of the varieties, and 
possibly perpetual flowering Carnations 
will be the recognised name of this par¬ 
ticular race in the near, future. Quite 
a variety of names have been given to 
them by different growers in order to dis¬ 
tinguish them from other races of the 
Carnation. 
All have been raised from Dianthus 
Caryophyllus, and thev differ from one 
another in habit and time of flowering. 
Although these are most appreciated in 
autumn, winter and spring, some of the 
varieties flower at other periods, and well 
deserve the title of perpetual, because 
when one set of flowers has faded and 
For some years past various cultivators 
have been in the habit of rearing Schiz- 
anthus in pots, but these were usually 
S. pinnatus and less often S. retusus. 
Within recent years the most popular type 
for pot culture has been S. wisetonensis, 
a garden form of dwarf habit. Those 
whose duty or work is to improve these 
been cut, other shoots arise and they in 
turn produce flowers. Thus, it may be 
said that the plant differs cheifly in its 
habit of growth and continuous flowering 
from the border Carnations and Picotees. 
It is a race which has been gradually 
evolved by selecting those kinds that 
showed the habit of continuous growth all 
the year round, so that in time instead of 
being dwarf like border Carnations, they 
assume the habit of evergreen bushes or 
little trees. The race would correspond 
to that known as tree Carnations for this 
special reason. 
Most or all of the American race of Car¬ 
nations now differ decidedly from the old 
race of tree Carnations by having much 
larger flowers. Those of Lady Bountiful 
are of a pure glistening white, and the 
large flower is regularly formed with just 
sufficient number of petals to make a 
fully double flower of eood form. The 
petals are, of course, more or less fringed, 
as this is according to the taste of those 
engaged in raising them in America. A 
few that have since been raised in this 
country differ in having much less of a 
fringe to the petals, but whether they may 
ultimately conform to the fancy of the 
florists in this country time alone can de¬ 
termine. 
things have obtained beautiful colour 
varieties, particularly in the last named. 
Seeds may be sown in spring or autumn, 
but plants reared from the last named are 
generally the most useful, as they come 
in at a time when indoor plants in variety 
are a desideratum. All of them may be 
reared like half hardy annuals and 
planted out or potted on from small pot 
to large ones until they make bushy plant 
of considerable size for greenhouse 0 
conservatory decoration. 
Seeds may be sown in any light sand 
compost and the usual plan with soi 
for seedlings is to sift it to facilitate th 
germination of the seeds. Fig. A in th 
accompanying sketches shows how to la 
the drainage carefully in the pan and thei 
fill up with the prepared compost. Th 
soil may then be thoroughly watered an 
after the superfluous water has draine< 
away the seeds may be sown and light! 
covered with the finer portions of the sam 
compost. If placed in a temperature c 
6odegs. the seedlings will soon germinate 
and as soon as the seed leaves are wel 
developed the pans should be stood 0: 
a shelf in some light position close t 
the glass to prevent them from gettin 
drawn. These soft-wooded annuals ar 
very quickly spoiled if coddled in a clos 
warm atmosphere. When the first roug 
leaf has been made the seedlings shouf 
be transplanted into other pans or boxe 
of moderate depth in a similar compost t 
that used in the first place. The metlm 
of transplanting is showrn at B. As soo. 
as these seedlings begin to get crowde> 
they may be potted up separately in pot 
of suitable size to enable them to mak 
some further growth. The plan is alway 
to shift the plants from small pots in't 
larger ones as soon as the roots are fail! 
round the sides of the pots. The secrc 
of success is never to allow them to be 
come pot-bound before giving a shift. A 
the same time the plants may be pinche 
to make them bushy when they have mad 
a few inches of growth. By the time th 
seedlings are established in the small pot 
a cold frame would be the best place t 
put them, because they can have plent 
of light and ventilation to keep ther 
dwarf and sturdy. A bushy plant, th 
result of pinching several times, is show 
at C. 
When the seedlings are potted off fc 
the first time a rather more substanti; 
compost should be used, such as that cor 
taining three parts of loam, one part c 
leaf-mould and half a part of sand. Whe 
shifting them the second time one par 
of old cow manure rubbed up fine an 
one-fifth of some good artificial manur 
may be added to the above as shown i 
the diagram at U. The plants should, c 
course, be kept in cold frames until the 
have been grown to the desired size an 
become bushy by repeated stopping, an 
when on the point of flowering they ma 
be transferred to the greenhouse or cor 
servatory where they should also be kej 
as cool as possible and have plenty < 
water to keep them growing and they wii 
remain in an ornamental condition for 
considerable period. 
-- 
AMERICAN CARNATIONS. 
W 7 hile the above class of Carnations 
yearly becoming more popular and in 
portant for a winter supply of flower 
so the number of growers continue 1 
increase. Messrs. Young and Co., Hatl 
erley, Cheltenham, have, however, bee' 
specialists in the culture of America 
Carnations for some years past and ; 
the present time are issuing a new cat; : 
logue containing the latest novelties < 
value, as well as standard sorts. 
— Rearing — 
Schizapthus of Butterfly plowef. 
- '^4 — = 5 
