LIS 
GEOLOGY. 
forming the sea coast to Cape Farewell. The rocks at Ihua 
Tuaroa, the first promontory north of the Kaurangi point, are 
greensand, the stratification only discernible by changes in their 
colour. Whilst the strike and dip of the cretaceous rocks south 
of Taura-te-Weka, following as they do the undulations ot the 
granite, vary so considerably that it would be impossible to lay 
down any general rule as to their position in that respect; the 
general strike of the strata thence to Cape Farewell is from south¬ 
west to north-east, with a dip of six to eleven degrees towards the 
north-west. Behind and between their various masses lie large 
deposits of drift-sand. 
It is evident that the boulders in the rivers along this part of 
the coast are derived from the northernmost continuation ot the 
gneiss granite zone, which ends where the granite crosses the 
Aorere river at the Haidinger peak. The cretaceous formation, 
which above Ihua Tuaroa consists only of hills a few hundred feet 
high, and changes from greensand into chalk marl and limestone 
exactly resembling those all along the coast, and with the same 
fossils, begins to rise at the northern end of the Wanganui inlet, 
and presents us with high rocky Avails, 800 to 1,000 feet high. It 
was under these hills that I had to seek for the Pakawau coal¬ 
field, to the examination of which I devoted several davs. Below 
the greensand, 200 feet thick, I found in descending order the 
following strata. 
FT. IN. 
Limestone of an earthy texture. 150 0 
Tabular semi-crystalline limestone . . . . . . . 80 0 
Chalk marls, with bands of limestone . . . . . . 70 0 
Clay marls, changing into greenish clays ..18 0 
Ferruginous sands. 10 0 
Conglomerates, alternating with unstratified quartzose sands . . 40 0 
Gritty soft sandstone ......... 10 0 
Conglomerate, with pieces of coal, and containing the detritus of the 
rocks which at present form the boulders of the rivers in the 
neighbourhood.80 0 
Blue marly clays.4 0 
Gritty sandstone.120 
Very ferruginous sand, with concretions of clay ironstone, which also 
often fill large fissures.30 0 
Soft grits ..25 0 
Coal.0 6 
Clay marl, with impressions of plants.3 0 
Fine stratified sand.10 0 
Coal ••••••......05 
This succession continues downwards for several hundred feet, 
with small seams of coal, ferruginous sand, grits, and clay marls; 
and at last we reach the main seam, which, in the Wanganui har¬ 
bour, is exposed in several places, and is of an average thickness 
of two feet three inches. 
As my friend, Dr. F. Hochstetter, has already treated of the 
Pakawau coal-field, I think it unnecessary to speak of it; al- 
