Order PASSERIFORMES. 
No. 85. 
Family H1R UN DIN ID Ji. 
HIRUNDO RUSTICA. 
(gutturalis.) 
CHIMNEY SWALLOW. 
(Plate 64). 
Hirundo Linne, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 191, Jan. 1st, 1758. Type (by subsequent designation) 
of Gray, p. 8, 1840, Hirundo rustica Linne, cf. Birds Aust., VoL VIII., p. 34, May 5th, 
1920. 
Hirundo rustica Linne, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., p. 191, Jan. 1st, 1758: Sweden, Europe; Sharpe, 
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Vol. X., p. 128, 1885 (pref. March 9th); id. and Wyatt, 
Monogr. Hirundin, pts. xvi.-xvii., pi. 38, 1893 ; Mathews, Check List Austrl., pt. m., 
Sept. 8th, 1924. 
Hirundo gutturalis Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub., Vol. II., p. 96, 1786: “ In Nova 
Guinea ” error=Antiqua, Panay, Phillipines; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Vol. X., p. 134, 
1885 (pref. March 9th) ; id. and Wyatt, Monogr. Hirundin, pts. xvi.-xvn., pi. 40, 1893. 
Hirundo panayana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., Vol. I., pt. n., p. 1018, April 20th, 1789: same base as 
Scopoli’s bird. 
Hirundo jewan Sykes, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832, p. 83, July 31st: Dukhim, India. 
Hirundo fretensis Gould, Handb. Birds Austr., Vol. I., p. 110, Dec. 1865: Northern shores of 
Australia. 
Hirundo frenata Blyth, Ibis, Oct., 1866, p. 366, error for fretensis. 
Hirundo andamanensis Beavan, Ibis, July 1867, p. 316 : Andaman Islands. 
Hirundo rustica gutturalis Mathew’s, Bird Austr., Vol. VII., p. 40, May 5th, 1920; Baker, Fauna 
Brit. Ind., Birds, Vol. III., p. 241, 1926. 
Distribution. Breeds in North-east Asia and wanders south through Malay Archipelago to 
Australia (one occurrence). 
Adult male. Fore-head deep chestnut; remainder of upper-surface, including the wing-coverts, 
glossy violet-blue with white bases to the feathers ; primaries and secondaries blackish-brown, 
slightly glossed with dull blue towards the tips ; tail-feathers brownish-black, the outer 
pairs with a large oval or rounded spot of white ; lores black; sides of face, ear-coverts 
and cheeks glossy blue like the upper-parts; chin, throat and fore-neck deep reddish-chestnut, 
remainder of the under-parts of the body isabelline-buff, slightly darker on the sides of the 
body; quills below dark blackish-brown. Eyes dark brown; bill, feet and legs black. 
Total length 150 mm.: culmen 8, wing 118, tail 5S, tarsus 10. Manilla, Philippine Islands. 
The sexes are alike. 
Type of H. fretensis (an immature). Fore-head dull chestnut; head blackish-brown, indistinctly 
glossed, a few violet-blue feathers making their appearance ; scapulars, mantle, lower back, 
rump, upper tail-coverts and wing-coverts dull glossy violet-purple with white bases; 
primary and secondary quills dark blacldsh-brown, faintly glossed towards the tip; tail- 
feathers dark blackish-brown, faintly glossed with blue, the outer pair of tail-feathers with 
a large spot or oval marking of white ; lores black ; sides of face and ear-coverts like the head; 
chin and throat buff, with a few chestnut feathers making their appearance; sides of neck 
and fore-neck black ; a band of brownish-black across the chest; remainder of the under- 
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