8 
A B C OF BEEKEEPING 
a ted these crude and cruel methods, and in 
their stead there is accessibility to every 
part; and, so far from destroying the little 
servants, one can take their honey without a 
sting if directions are followed. Every 
comb is now built in movable frames that 
permit of easy examination. (See Frames.)' 
One can open the hive and remove the 
frames, playing with the bees by the hour 
if he knows how. There is no more al¬ 
luring pastime for the business or profes¬ 
sional man or the housewife than the keep¬ 
ing of bees. They all say it’s just fun, and 
it’s “fun” that makes money. See Back- 
lot Beekeeping. 
TILE MODERN HIVE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 
COMB AND EXTRACTED HONEY. 
The modern hive, or exterior housing, in 
its simplest form consists of a floor or 
bottom-board; a hive body (box without 
cover or bottom) to hold the frames or 
racks to contain the combs; supers (shal¬ 
low box rims) to hold section-holders for 
the sections or extracting frames for ex¬ 
tracted honey; a thin wooden lid, or “super 
cover,” and over the Avhole a “telescope 
cover,” as shown, to shield the hive from 
the weather. In addition there is an en¬ 
trance-contracting cleat that can be re¬ 
moved so that a wide or narrow entrance 
may be used, depending on the season. In 
the best-regulated apiaries, hive-stands are 
used for holding the hives. These protect 
the bottom and hive proper from unneces¬ 
sary exposure to the ground and rot, and 
at the same time provide an easy grade or 
alighting-board for the convenience of 
heavily laden bees as they come in from 
the field. 
Each of the hive parts here enumerated 
is separable. Qne part can be piled on top 
of another in such a way as to accommo¬ 
date the largest colonies and the' largest 
yields of honey that may be secured. 
BROOD-FRAMES. 
Movable frames to hold the combs are 
called “brood-frames.” The tops of these 
have projections resting upon rabbets cut 
in the upper ends of the hive. (See accom¬ 
panying. illustrations.) The end bars of 
the frames have, near the top, projecting 
ends just wide enough so that the combs 
will be spaced the correct distance apart. 
Such self-spacing frames for holding the 
combs are called “Hoffman brood-frames,” 
and any one of them can be removed and 
replaced. A set of frames of the same pat¬ 
tern, but shallower, is sometimes used. Any 
hive containing a set of frames in which 
there is brood (unhatched bees) is called a 
brood-chamber. A hive containing a set of 
Modern Iiive with Hoffman frames for the produc¬ 
tion of comb honey. (Any style of comb-honey 
super may be used.) 
frames used for the storage of surplus 
honey is called a “super.” Brood-cham¬ 
bers are generally deep, but the supers 
may be either deep or shallow. The honey 
may be removed by cutting the combs from 
the frames in the supers and storing them 
in tin cans, or it may be “extracted” from 
the frames of combs by means of a honey- 
extractor. The honey so taken is called 
extracted honey. See Extracting. 
Every comb has a series of honey cells on 
each side, which, when filled with honey, are 
capped over with a thin film of wax. This 
capping is sliced off with a sharp-bladed 
knife made for the purpose, called an “un- 
capping-knife.” The combs, with the cap¬ 
pings removed, are then placed in the bas¬ 
kets, or wire pockets, of a centrifugal hon¬ 
ey-extractor. These baskets, fastened in 
multiples of two or more in a reel, are 
