CAMPANILLA 
177 
rum, but with the difference that she usually 
succeeds by means of her greater alertness 
and ferocity in killing the lucorum queen, 
and, lucorum being an .early species, she 
frequently does not enter the lucorum nest 
until the first workers are beginning to 
emerge. If this practice were to become 
habitual, an inquiline bee similar to Psi- 
thyrus would be likely to result. 
Bumblebee nests are destroyed by mice, 
and Darwin suggested that in the vicinity 
of towns their numbers were partly deter¬ 
mined by the number of cats. The comb 
and brood are devoured by the larvae of 
wax moths and of several species of flies. 
Ants destroy nests in the early stages. 
Among other insects found in the nests are 
flies belonging to the genus Yolucella , 
which mimic bumblebees in their appear¬ 
ance and habits of flight so closely that 
they are often mistaken for them. Two of 
these flies were collected and sent to the 
writer as bumblebees by an entomologist of 
great experience. Like the bumblebees they 
\isit flowers for pollen and nectar. 
For further information on bumblebees 
see “Habits of Some Species of Humble 
Bees,” F. W. Putnam; “The Bombida? of 
the New World,” H. J. Franklin; and 
“The Humble-bee,” F. W. L. Sladen, Mac¬ 
millan & Co. 
BURR COMBS.— See Thick Top Frames 
under the head of Frames. 
c 
CAGES FOR QUEENS. —See Intro¬ 
ducing. 
CAMPANILLA.— There are two species 
of Convolvulaceae, or morning-glory fam¬ 
ily, which are of great importance to the 
beekeepers of Cuba as honey plants; name¬ 
ly, Ipomoea sidaefolia Choisv, and I. tri¬ 
loba L. Popular English and Spanish 
names of T. sidaefolia are white bellflower, 
campanilla blanea, campanula, Christmas 
pop, and aguinaldo de paseuas. It is a 
perennial, the vines sometimes obtaining 
the size of from two to three inches in 
diameter, and is generally found growing 
among trees and shrubs or along fences 
and stone walks. The height of bloom is 
about Christmas, for which reason it is also 
called the “aguinaldo de paseuas,” and at 
this season of the year it is a common 
sight to see almost every tree, shrub, and 
fence along the road one solid mass of 
white aguinaldo bloom. The odd feature, 
about this plant is its irregular blooming. 
It will bloom only every other day, and 
then, again, several days in succession. The 
days of blooming are always universal. 
One day every vine is in full bloom; the 
next day not a single vine is to be seen in 
bloom in miles of travel. 
PINK CAMPANILLA. 
The pink campanilla, I. triloba , is also 
known as campanilla morada, aguinaldo 
rosado, and marrullero. It blooms during 
the months of October and November. It 
is found principally in western Cuba, in 
the region known as the “vuelta aba.ja,” 
the great tobacco region; and it is the 
growing of tobacco that makes possible the 
great amount of this particular variety of 
the campanilla, for tobacco seed is, as. a 
rule, always sown on virgin soil. Large 
tracts of land, on both mountain and coast, 
are cleared every year, just to grow one 
crop of tobacco plants. When the plants 
are big enough' to be transplanted they are 
pulled and shipped by railroad, ox-cart, or 
mule-train, to where the tobacco is to be 
grown. These tobacco-seed beds are, by 
the next year, and for years to come, cov¬ 
ered by the vines of the campanilla mora¬ 
da, which in western Cuba, springs up 
wherever the land has been cultivated. 
