HIVES 
445 
deeper side is usually % inch in depth; the 
shallower side, only % inch, is used by 
those who prefer to have a shallower space 
under the hive. When the wide space is 
used it is customary to have a contracting 
entrance-cleat. When colder weather comes 
on, or where the colony is weak, it is good 
practice to contract the entrance down to 
the space of ^4 inch by any size from % 
to 8 inches wide. See Entrances. 
There are different styles of floor-boards 
or bottoms; but the kind used by those 
who have factory-made hives is like that 
shown in the illustration. 
BROOD-FRAMES. 
The modern hive consists not only of the 
parts already mentioned—cover, body, and 
bottom—but a series of frames, all of 
which hold a comb. In a modern hive the 
top of the frame has projections at each 
end that hang in the rabbets of the hive- 
body. Each of the frames is removable, 
and may or may not be self-spacing. Some 
frames have the same width all around. 
Some have the end-bars made a little wider 
near the-top, and some have end-bars that 
make contact with the adjacent end-bars 
their entire length. The latter are called 
“closed-end” frames. 
For particulars regarding frames the 
reader is referred to the A B C of Bee¬ 
keeping at the beginning of this work, and 
Frames and Frames, Self-spacing. 
As the closed-end frames make up a part 
of the inner walls of the hive in which they 
are used, a description will be given at this 
point. 
CLOSED-END FRAMES. 
Closed-end frames may be divided into 
two classes—the standing and suspended. 
The Quinby, already spoken of under 
Frames, Self-spacing, the Bingham, and 
the Heddon are of the first-mentioned 
class; the Danzenbaker belongs to the lat¬ 
ter class. It is generally considered that 
frames with closed uprights, while not so 
convenient, perhaps, for general manipula¬ 
tion, are better adapted to wintering. 
Frames with partly closed end, like the 
Hoffman, or open all the way up, like the 
unspaced hanging frame, permit of cur¬ 
rents of air around the ends of the frames, 
and (it is claimed), as a consequence, bees 
are not so much inclined to bring their 
brood clear out to the end-bars as they do 
when closed ends are used. The difference 
is more theoretical than real. 
THE BINGHAM HIVE. 
Mr. Quinby was the first to apply Hu¬ 
ber’s principle of closed-end frames in this 
country (see Hives, Evolution of). This 
he introduced shortly after the appearnce 
of the Langstroth hive. Not long after, 
Mr. Bingham in 1867 brought out his hive 
with closed-end frames with a narrow top- 
bar and no bottom-bar, but still embody¬ 
ing the chief featimes of Huber’s hive of 
The Bingham Hive. 
