460 
HONEY 
In this same bulletin is a rather ex¬ 
haustive study of the several kinds of pol¬ 
len found and the characteristics of the 
pollen of the various individual flowers. 
The quantity of pollen varied considerably 
in the samples, hence the examination for 
pollen cannot give any index of the percen¬ 
tage of adulteration. From the kinds of 
pollen found one can judge with some de¬ 
gree of accuracy the kind of flowers visit¬ 
ed, but it is hardly safe to say that with 
the absence of a certain pollen, the nectar 
from that flower has not been gathered and 
stored. 
In the preceding table are contained the 
analytic results of the examination, show¬ 
ing the average, maximum, and minimum 
figures for American, Haytian, Cuban, 
Mexican, and Hawaiian honeys. 
It is noted that the American as well as 
the Hawaiian honeys are divided into two 
classes levorotatory and dextrorotatory. 
The former may be termed honeys under 
the National Food Law, while the latter are 
honeydew honeys. The standard of food 
products under the national law states that 
“Honey should be levorotatory, and should 
contain not more than 25 per cent water, 
not more than .25 per cent ash, and not 
more than 8 per cent of sucrose. 
The quantity of ash stated is too low, as 
Browne’s examination has shown 0.90 per 
cent ash. 
The analytical figures given in the analy¬ 
ses are for percentage of moisture, invert 
sugar, sucrose, dextrin, ash, and undeter¬ 
mined matter. The acidity of the honey 
samples has also been given. 
In American honeys there is an average 
of 3.73 per cent of undetermined matter. 
The composition of this material is the 
subject of much work now, and the sub¬ 
stances found in this class by the chemist 
are often the deciding figure in determin¬ 
ing the adulteration of honey with commer¬ 
cial invert sugar. 
The composition of the sugars reported 
as invert sugar, viz., percentage of dextrose 
and levulose, are sometimes of value. Tak¬ 
ing Browne’s results for the average of the 
various species of honey we find: 
Kind of Honey Dextrose Levulose 
Alfalfa .. 36.85% 40.24% 
White clover . 34.96 40.24 
Alsike clover . 36.06 40.95 
Sweet clover . 36.78 39.59 
