HONEY EXHIBITS 
497 
the existence of such an exudation. This 
liquid differs widely in its composition both 
from honeydew and honey, and should be 
clearly distinguished from them. Such ex¬ 
udations of leaves should receive a special 
name, as leaf-dew or leaf-sugar. 
The exudation of nearly pure water by 
the leaves of many plants is clearly very 
closely allied to the exudation of sweet liq¬ 
uids, and it may prove that there is no 
sharp line of demarkation. The Fuchsia, 
Indian corn, jewelweed, cabbage, primrose, 
grapevine, potato, elm, plane tree, the ar- 
oids, and other species of plants often ex¬ 
ude drops of water from the tips and mar¬ 
ginal teeth of the leaves. These drops may 
be observed on lawn grass, the ends of 
corn leaves and the margins of jewelweed 
leaves in the morning when they are-likely 
to be mistaken for dew. The exudation of 
drops of water may easily be shown ex¬ 
perimentally by placing a young cabbage 
plant grown in a flowerpot under a bell- 
jar. In a few hours drops of water will 
appear on the apices or margins of the 
leaves, gradually increase in size, finally 
fall off, and new drops form. A surplus 
of water in the plant thus escapes when 
the air is too damp to permit of its pass¬ 
ing off as water vapor thru the leaf pores. 
A great amount of water may thus be ex¬ 
uded, and in a single night a leaf may ex¬ 
crete half its weight in water. A vigorous 
leaf of Calocasia has been observed to eject 
water at the rate of 195 minute drops per 
minute, so that there seemed to be an al¬ 
most continuous jet of water. The liquid 
is pure water except for a trace of salts 
(one-tenth of one per cent). Excreted wa¬ 
ter has probably been mistaken by some 
observers for honeydew, and, as has been 
stated, it is possible that the water under 
certain conditions, as in the Douglas fir, 
may contain more or less sugar. Many 
hairs on leaves have been reported to ex¬ 
crete drops of water, but this is open to 
doubt, altho possible. 
HONEY EXHIBITS.— Very much in¬ 
deed has been accomplished by the exhib¬ 
its of bees, honey, and apiarian imple¬ 
ments at state and county fairs. Several 
of the larger fair associations have had 
very pretty buildings erected on the fair¬ 
grounds for these displays. 
Such exhibits have a decidedly educa¬ 
tional influence on the public. They show 
how beautiful honey is; how it can be pro¬ 
duced ; how it can be produced by the ton 
and carload. On account of newspaper 
yarns, that were current some years ago, 
there existed an impression that has all 
but been removed, that comb honey is 
manufactured, and that the extracted ar¬ 
ticle is adulterated with glucose. It is 
hardly necessary now to say that it is im¬ 
possible to manufacture comb, fill it with 
honey, and “cap it over with appropriate 
machinery”—just as impossible as it is to . 
manufacture eggs. The publishers) have 
had for many years a standing offer of 
$1000 to any one who would show where 
comb honey was manufactured, or even 
procure a single manufactured sample 
which could not be told from the genuine. 
Altho this offer has been published broad¬ 
cast in the daily papers, no one took it up. 
The conditions of this offer were printed 
on a neat little card, which has been distrib¬ 
uted by beekeepers at fairs and other 
honey exhibits, so that, if such a thing had 
been possible, the offer would have been 
taken up. As to extracted honey, there 
was a time when it was adulterated some¬ 
what, but owing to the action of state and 
national laws there is very little of it now. 
See Adulteration of Honey, also the 
last paragraph on Honeycomb. 
Beekeepers, besides educating the gen¬ 
eral public as to the genuineness of their 
product, can create a larger demand for 
honey. As a usual thing, exhibitors are 
allowed to sell their honey, distribute cir¬ 
culars, and do a great deal of profitable 
advertising. This not only helps the indi¬ 
vidual, but helps the pursuit in general. 
The accompanying engravings will give 
an idea of how model exhibits should be 
arranged. 
There should be shelving arranged in the 
form of pyramids, octagons, and semicir¬ 
cles. The honey should be put up in tin 
and glass, in large and small packages, 
and the whole should be neatly “set off” 
with appropriate labels. As a general 
thing, glass packages should have a very 
small label, so that as much of the liquid 
honey as possible will show. Tin recepta¬ 
cles should have labels to go clear around 
the can. Comb honey should be put up in 
