LAYING WORKERS 
565 
ing this section shall be guilty and liable as 
prescribed in section 7 [4729] of this act. 
4731. (Repealed 1921, Chap. 517, Sec. 4.) 
4732. Affidavits.—Whenever destruction 
or treatment of any bees or apiary appurten¬ 
ances shall have been ordered the State in¬ 
spector may require the owner or person in 
charge. of said property to file an affidavit 
with him that the destruction or treatment 
has been carried out effectually. 
4733. Meaning of “apiaries.”—Apiaries 
within the meaning of this act shall mean 
any places where one or more hives or colo¬ 
nies of bees are kept. 
4734. Salaries.—The State inspector shall 
receive a salary of fifteen hundred dollars 
$1,500.00) per annum in equal monthly pay¬ 
ments, and shall be allowed the expenses 
necessarily incurred by him in the discharge 
of his duties. Deputy inspectors shall each 
receive six dollars ($6.00) per day for each 
day actually spent in the performance of 
his duties. The total expenses of the office, 
including salaries and compensation of all 
employes, shall not exceed the appropriation 
therefor. (As amended 1919, Chap. 100, 
Sec. 1.) 
4735. Biennial report. — Record. — The 
State inspector shall make a biennial report 
to the governor stating the number of api¬ 
aries inspected, and the number where dis¬ 
ease shall be found, the number of colonies 
treated, cured and destroyed, an itemized 
expense account of his deputies, and such in¬ 
formation as he may deem important to the 
State and of value to the art of apiculture. 
This report shall be printed by the State 
printer and copies thereof sent by the State 
inspector of apiaries to the members of the 
Minnesota beekeepers’ association and to 
all in the State who may apply for it. He 
shall also keep a record of all apiaries and 
the location thereof in which contagious or 
infectious diseases shall be found within 
the last year of his office and turn the same 
over to his successor. (As amended 1921, 
Chap. 511.) 
4736. Oath and bond.—The State inspec¬ 
tor of apiaries shall take the usual oath of 
office and give bonds in the sum of two 
thousand dollars for the faithful discharge 
of his duties. 
LAYING WORKERS. —These queer in¬ 
mates, or, rather, occasional inmates, of 
the hive are worker bees that lay eggs. 
The eggs they lay do hatch, too; but they 
hatch only drones, and never worker bees. 
The drones are rather smaller than the 
drones produced by a queen, but they are 
nevertheless drones, in every respect, so 
far as is known. It may be well to explain 
that ordinary worker bees are not neuters, 
as they are sometimes called, but undevel¬ 
oped females. Microscopic examination 
shows an undeveloped form of the special 
organs found in the queen, and these or¬ 
gans may become, at any time, sufficiently 
developed to allow the bee to lay eggs, but 
never to allow for fertilization by meeting 
the drone as the queen does. See Par¬ 
thenogenesis, Dzierzon Theory, and 
Queens. 
CAUSE OF LAYING WORKERS. 
It has been suggested that bees capable 
of this egg-laying duty are those reared in 
the vicinity of queen-cells, and that by 
some means they have received a small por¬ 
tion of the royal jelly necessary to their 
development as bee-mothers. This theory 
has been entirely disproved by many ex¬ 
periments; and it is now pretty generally 
conceded that laying workers may make 
their appearance in any colony or nucleus 
that has been many days queenless, and 
without the means of rearing a queen. In 
the case of Cyprians, Syrians, and their 
crosses the laying workers are common, 
even tho the colony has a good queen; and 
a case is known of a yearling queen in full 
vigor; a queen a few weeks old and reared 
in the same colony, and scores of laying 
workers, all busily laying on the same 
combs. The stock was Cyprian. 
Not only may one bee take these duties, 
but there may be many of them; and wher¬ 
ever the beekeeper has been so careless as 
to leave his bees destitute of either brood 
or- queen for two or three weeks, he is li¬ 
able to find evidences of their presence, in 
the shape of eggs scattered about promiscu¬ 
ously; sometimes one, but oftener half a 
dozen in a single cell. 
Sometimes the eggs will be found stuck 
on the sides of the cell. In that case it is 
evident the laying worker cannot reach the 
bottom of the cell. Very often there will 
be found several eggs in a queen-cell. 
If the matter has been going on for some 
time, one will see now and then a drone 
larva, and sometimes two or three crowding 
each other in their single cell; sometimes 
bees start queen-cells over this drone larva; 
the poor motherless orphans, seeming to 
feel that something is wrong, are disposed, 
like a drowning man, to catch any straw. 
HOW TO GET RID OF LAYING WORKERS. 
Prevention is better than cure. If a col- 
