MOTH MILLER 
616 
Larvae.14 oz.One hour.... .Killed 
Larvae. V 2 oz.One hour.Killed* 
Larvae. % oz.One hour.Killed* 
The larvae which were used for these ex¬ 
periments were ten to twenty days old, and 
in every case they were well protected by 
the webs and refuse. 
From the experiments with sulphur diox¬ 
ide it is evident that only extremely large 
doses will affect the eggs of the bee moth— 
so large, in fact, that such fumigation would 
not be practical. 
The larvae which were used in the experi¬ 
ments were of different ages and some were 
better protected than others. When the 
larvae are not very well protected they are 
quite susceptible to the gas, but the larger 
larvae, which are often enclosed in a mass 
of webs, are not killed except when ex¬ 
tremely large doses of sulphur are used. 
These results seem to indicate that the 
sulphur fumes are not ordinarily penetrat¬ 
ing enough to affect the eggs, and only 
when the larvae are young and not well pro¬ 
tected will the gas affect them. While the 
method is simple, there are minor details 
upon which the success of the operation de¬ 
pends. The sulphur must be burned at a 
high temperature in order to generate the 
most effective gas. While the method is 
generally effective under proper conditions, 
it cannot be recommended in preference to 
fumigation with carbon bisulphide. 
CARBON BISULPHIDE (“HIGH LIFE”) 
The commercial bisulphide is an oilv 
liquid, very volatile and exceedingly foul¬ 
smelling. It is cold to the touch; and be¬ 
cause of its rapid evaporation it produces 
a freezing sensation when dropped on the 
skin. When exposed to the air at ordinary 
temperatures the bisulphide changes to a 
gas quite rapidly, and this gas, or vapor, is 
a little more than two and one-half times 
as heavy as air. This is a point to be re¬ 
membered in its use, since it goes first to 
the bottom of whatever it is confined in. 
When mixed with air it becomes highly in¬ 
flammable and sometimes explosive. Such a 
mixture of air and bisulphide gas may be 
exploded by even a spark, such as might be 
made by hitting a. nail with a hammer. The 
liquid, on evaporation, leaves a residue of 
impurities. Its rate of evaporation is in 
proportion to the temperature and the area 
of the exposed surface. Its efficiency is 
greatest with rapid evaporation, and this is 
secured in relatively warm weather, but ar¬ 
tificial heat must never be used to hasten 
its change into gas. Carbon bisulphide is 
obtainable from practically every drug¬ 
gist. 
When carbon bisulphide is to be used for 
fumigation of infested material, the great- 
* Eejes which were present on these combs were 
not hilled by the sulphur dioxide, as larvse were 
found emerging' a few days after the fumigation, 
est precaution should be used to keep all 
fire, such as lights, cigarets, etc., away from 
the liquid and where it is being used. For 
this reason it is well to take the material 
that is to be fumigated to some place out 
of doors and at least a hundred feet away 
from any building. The infested material 
should be placed in supers or hive-bodies if 
possible. These are piled as high as is con¬ 
venient and all cracks between the supers 
made as nearly gas-proof as possible. Espe¬ 
cially should the bottom be tight. A good 
plan is to place an inverted hive cover on 
the ground, lay a piece of canvas over it, 
and then tier up the supers on this. After 
the pile has been completed, an empty super 
should be put on top. In this should be 
placed a large shallow pan into which the 
bisulphide is to be poured. When all is 
in readiness, pour the bisulphide into the 
pan and immediately put a hive cover on 
the top of the tier to confine the gas. This 
operation is best performed in the evening, 
and the pile of supers should be left intact 
until the following morning. When the 
supers are taken down the confined gas will 
escape from them immediately, even before 
they can be carried separately into a build¬ 
ing. 
MOVING BEES. —- Young bees, when 
they first start out, or old ones on the first 
flight of the season after a winter’s con¬ 
finement, hover in the air about the hive 
entrance, take a careful survey of sur¬ 
roundings, making wider and wider circles, 
each time taking in new objects by which 
they may familiarize themselves with the 
home. When the location is once carefully 
marked they will go back and forth with¬ 
out taking any note of distinguishing ob¬ 
jects. But when the hive is moved only a 
few feet there is apparent consternation 
and confusion. 
One cannot therefore, move his bees a 
few feet or a quarter of a mile without 
having the great majority of them go back 
to the old spot unless treated by the plans 
here described. Some strains of black bees 
when moved will find their hives. See 
“Black Bees,” under head of Races of 
Bees. The bees that do not get back per¬ 
ish or possibly get into some other hive 
near their old location, with the result that 
there is a fight, and many bees are killed. 
If one desires to move, his bees, and 
wishes to take them at least a mile and a 
half or two miles away, the problem is 
quite easy, for then they will stay wherever 
they are placed. As soon as they are lib¬ 
erated in their new position they will mark 
