044 
OUT-APIARIES 
stop gathering'; at least they should be 
brought early enough to have a good fly 
before going* into winter quarters. After 
being unloaded from the wagon the bees 
may be liberated by blowing a little smoke 
or dashing in some cold water at the en¬ 
trance; or, if loaded too late in the evening 
to fly, they may be quietly set down; and if 
carefully opened, no smoke need be used. 
For particulars on the difficulties in haul¬ 
ing bees see Moving Bees. 
RENT FOR. OUT-APIARIES. 
The agreement between the beekeeper 
and his landlord, for rent, is as varied as 
the cases that occur. Some pay a fixed 
sum, five to twenty-five dollars per year; 
some pay ten cents per colony; others 
agree to pay a per cent of the crop; some 
make a bargain to pay so much for every 
swarm hived by some one of the landlord’s 
family, and so on, while some cannot get 
the landlord to agree to take any rent 
whatever. In this latter case it is only 
right to make sure that the landlord has a 
good supply of honey for his family to use 
during the coming year. In any case, be 
sure to do a little better than expected. 
GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF OUT-APIARIES. 
The management of outyards will depend 
very largely on the man, the locality, and 
the general conditions. Sometimes up in 
the mountain country where the roads are 
very poor, and a very large number of 
colonies can be supported per apiary, it is 
more practicable to have a man at each 
yard who camps on the job night and day 
until the main honey flow is over. Of 
course, it is not necessary to have a man at 
the yard during the dormant season; but 
when warm weather sets in some one should 
be on hand to build up the colonies and put 
them in proper condition to catch the 
honey flow. 
As a rule, however, a man at each yard 
is too expensive, and it is, therefore, better 
to have one force operate all the yards, 
using an automobile, even if an occasional 
swarm does get away. This plan has the 
advantage that the owner of the bees can 
always be present with the men, directing 
the work, thereby securing efficiency and 
at the same time better service. The help¬ 
ers usually work better when the boss is 
around; and the boss who does not super¬ 
vise his own job will soon run himself out 
of business. One who is capable of operat¬ 
ing a series of outyards is capable of di¬ 
recting his men, and usually he is a man 
who has gradually grown into the business, 
increasing it from year to year as knowl¬ 
edge and experience permit. It folloivs, 
therefore, that when the owner can keep 
his eye on every colony at every outyard, 
and direct the individual treatment, he gets 
far better results than if he has a hired 
man out of his sight at each outyard. 
The owner of the bees, when he takes his 
helper or helpers, should make his plans 
well in advance before he starts for the 
yard. He should not only know what he is 
going* to do, but whether he has the proper 
equipment with him to work out the plans 
for the day or trip. He should go further 
and have his plans matured a week in ad¬ 
vance so that he can take care of each 
yard at a definite period. He should see 
to it that he has on hand sufficient supplies 
of every description; and if he does not 
have enough equipment at each yard he 
should so arrange his work that he can 
carry what is necessary at each trip; other¬ 
wise he will be working at a great disad¬ 
vantage. 
It is not essential that a helper should 
have experience. The beeman who uses his 
brains can take a comparatively raw man 
or boy and almost double his own capacity 
for work in a day. The author’s yardman 
takes along with him one or two helpers. 
The helper with smoker opens up the hives 
in advance, so that all is ready when the 
boss makes his inspection. His practiced 
eye will see almost at a glance what treat¬ 
ment is required, and he will, therefore, 
direct his helper or helpers to bring him 
the necessary equipment to put the colony 
in proper condition. An experienced man 
who has his plans well worked out will be 
able to keep one man bringing him stuff. 
As the men acquire more experience the 
boss simply tells them what to do with a 
colony. In the meantime he studies the 
needs of the next colony. 
A good beeman who is capable of getting 
along* with help will be able to take care of 
seven or eight hundred or perhaps a thou¬ 
sand colonies with one helper during the 
active season. When conditions are right, 
