OUT-APIARIES 
645 
and with the proper system, lie sometimes 
may be able to handle twice the number 
with the same help. 
Of course it goes without saying that the 
owner or boss should know how to operate 
his automobile. As already pointed out, 
he cannot afford to waste time with a horse 
and buggy, as he will thus kill valuable 
time. 
But perhaps it may be urged that the 
roads are bad and almost impassable for 
any automobile, and that a horse and buggy 
must therefore be used. But usually a 
Eord with a good driver will go where any 
horse can. 
No beekeeper should go to an outyard 
without a spare inner tube and an outer 
casing, with a boot to provide against blow¬ 
outs, and patching stuff to make repairs to 
inner tubes. In the rush of the season it is 
the height of folly to get caught on the 
road with a blowout or a puncture without 
means for making repairs. To run on an 
uninflated tire is the ruination of the inner 
tube and a damage to the casing. As a 
general thing the author would recommend 
having a Ford equipped with detachable 
rims. With this extra rim carrying a tire 
already inflated, one can get started in a 
very few minutes. 
An extra box should be provided on the 
running-board of the machine to hold 
smoker, smoker-fuel, hive-tools, bee-brush, 
grass-hook, or anything else that may be 
required at the outyard. These tools will 
be needed on every trip, besides the combs, 
supers, and other equipment that will ordi¬ 
narily be loaded in the wagon-box for that 
special trip. 
Sometimes it is necessary to take along 
a scythe, and while the boss is making an 
inspection of colonies his helpers can be 
employed in cutting down grass and weeds 
and leveling up the hives. This last item 
may not seem to be essential; but if a hive 
is on a tilt it will have its combs in the 
section-supers built out of plumb. If the 
season happens to be a good one, and there 
are four or five supers on the hive, a stiff 
wind just before a thunderstorm may blow 
the whole thing over. It is important, 
therefore, to have a good foundation for 
each hive at the yard. 
At every outyard there should be a small 
collapsible building. (See Buildings.) This 
is to hold extra combs, supers, and equip¬ 
ment; and if the extracting is performed 
with a small hand machine it can be done 
in a building of this sort. 
As given under Extracting, the author 
advises one large extracting-outfit at the 
home yard, where the work can be done 
inside of a bee-proof building. It is not 
advisable ordinarily to extract at outyards, 
on account of the danger of robbers, and 
because conditions usually are not favor¬ 
able for putting up an extracting-outfit. 
In the case of bee disease it is sometimes 
necessary to extract at the outyard, in order 
to avoid mixing the combs, and danger of 
carrying disease to the home yard. But 
even in that case, if one plans rightly he 
can arrange to take his combs off, load 
them on the machine, carry them home, ex¬ 
tract, and return. There should be a drip- 
pan in the wagon-box to catch any drip 
from the supers after extracting. And it 
may be advisable to throw a large canvas 
over the load to keep any bees in the home 
yard from getting a taste of the honey. In 
any case the extractor should be thoroly 
washed out with boiling water after ex¬ 
tracting from diseased or suspected combs. 
Such work cannot be done too carefully. 
WINTERING OUT-APIARY BEES. 
It is the practice of some to haul the 
bees home from the outyard and put them 
in a large cellar; others winter in large 
quadruple winter cases at the outyard. 
(See Wintering Outdoors, subhead 
“Quadruple Winter Cases.”) If there is 
any danger that the bees may be tampered 
with during winter by thieves or boys, it is 
advisable to haul the bees home and winter 
them under the eye of the owner. Usually 
an outyard can be located in sight of some 
house. If the land is rented from the 
owner of the house he will be' willing to 
keep a watch on the bees; but as a usual 
thing bees may be left out of doors year in 
and year out without disturbance. 
If the bees at the outyards are well sup¬ 
plied with stores in the fall, and put into 
double-walled hives or large winter cases, 
they will not require much attention except 
to see that the entrances do not become 
clogged with dead bees, which may happen 
along late in the winter. Usually some 
one near the outyards can be hired to rake 
