WINTERING 
895 
consideration of the different sizes and 
shapes of frames for wintering, see Hives, 
also Frames. For the discussion of dou¬ 
ble-walled or chaff hives, see Hives. For 
stimulation in the spring, see Feeding, 
subhead, “Feeding to Stimulate.” For the 
consideration of windbreaks, see “Wind¬ 
breaks,” under Apiary. For the effect of 
honeydew on wintering, see Honeydew. 
TWO METHODS FOR WINTERING BEES. 
One is called the indoor plan and the 
other the outdoor. Which one the reader 
shall use depends entirely on the locality, 
the climate, and kind of winter stores. 
time in May. Mention of these will be 
made further on. 
In the milder climates, such as may be 
found south of the Great Lakes and north 
of the Ohio River, outdoor wintering is 
almost universal. In these the ordinary 
double-walled hives give excellent results, 
altho there is a tendency toward the large 
winter cases already mentioned. In a gen¬ 
eral way it may be said the indoor- plan 
should never be used where the stores are 
of inferior quality or where the winters 
turn from mild to severely cold, the varia¬ 
tions taking place every week or two weeks, 
unless the cellars or repositories are wholly 
Map of the United States showing zone 1 where cellar wintering is profitable, and zone 2 where 
cellar wintering is preferable. This map is based on temperature as well as the quality of winter stores. 
Map used from Bureau of Entomology, Farmers’ Bulletin 1014. 
Where the winters are extremely cold, with 
continuous freezing weather, without a 
break thru the months of December, Janu¬ 
ary, February, and March, the indoor plan 
prevails. The ordinary double-walled hives 
are hardly warm enough in these very cold 
localities unless such hives are covered with 
deep snow that does not thaw, and freeze 
during winter. Thruout Canada there is a 
tendency to use large winter cases capable 
of holding four or more hives with at least 
six inches of packing all around; and 
the bees are kept in these eases till some 
underground, with three or four feet of 
earth on top. 
The Bureau of Entomology, in Bulletin 
1014 on Wintering Bees in Cellars, gives 
the accompanying map showing regions 
where cellar wintering may be practiced 
with profit. Where the average tempera¬ 
ture is 25° F., the bees may be wintered in¬ 
doors or outdoors, but preferably the latter, 
provided the stores are good; where the 
average winter temperature is as low as 
15° F., cellar wintering is preferable. 
Thruout the southern States it has been 
