WINTERING OUTDOORS 
901 
Fig. 9.—This is the plan recommended by Dr. E. F. Phillips and by a good many other beekeepers 
for wintering bees outdoors in single-walled hives. It contemplates a winter case made up of panels 
which are held together by means of screws or nails at the corners. This case should provide six inches 
of packing around the sides and ends, at least four inches under the bottoms of the hives, and at least 
ten inches on top. Phillips particularly recommends wintering in two-story hives. First, a double brood- 
nest makes a relatively deep wintering space. Second, it provides ample room for breeding in the 
spring. Third, it provide ample stores. Fourth, no attention is needed during spring. Spring man¬ 
agement is practically eliminated. Attention is drawn to the five-hole entranced All the holes except 
one in the center, according to Phillips, should be closed during cold weather. As spring approaches, 
one or more holes are opened up. The only objection to the plan here shown is the expense. 
ten inches on top. While one hive can be 
packed in a winter case, it is more econom¬ 
ical to make the case hold four or more 
hives. Some use the plan of packing ten 
hives in a case—cases long and large 
enough to take ten colonies in a row, placed 
side by side and in close contact. This ten- 
hive tenement does not conserve the heat 
quite so well as where the hives are packed 
four in a group, side by side and back to 
back. The four-colony tenement, or what 
is generally called the quadruple case, has 
come into quite general use among the 
beekeepers of Canada and where the cli¬ 
mate is very severe, and where, too, cellar 
wintering is practiced. 
So far as can be ascertained, Ira Bart¬ 
lett of Michigan was the first to suggest 
and use in a large way this method of win¬ 
tering, for he began using the plan 30 
years ago. The illustrations, page 899, show 
the original Bartlett winter case made up 
of panels. The only change that has been 
made during the later years is to leave off 
all porticos and doorsteps. These extra at¬ 
tachments, it has been found, are worse 
than useless. Instead of having a sort of 
storm door, it has been found better to 
have the entrances restricted without any 
roof or doorstep. There should be noth¬ 
ing to catch snow and ice, which, when there 
is a ledge or projection, lodge and thus 
close the entrance. 
R. P. Holtermann, who has been one of 
the strongest advocates of this system of 
outdoor wintering, and who by writing a 
series of articles practically introduced the 
plan into the United States and Canada, 
recommends three %-inch holes for en¬ 
trances instead of a slot. George S. De- 
muth, formerly of {he Bureau of Entomol¬ 
ogy, likewise recommends a series of five 
