920 
WINTERING IN CELLARS 
bottom-boards will depend on conditions. 
In cellars of the David Running type the 
bees should be put in with hive-bottoms 
and covers sealed down. Mr. Running uses 
an entrance 1*4 inches deep running the 
width of the hive for his good colonies. 
STORES. 
Usually a single brood-nest will have 
enough stores to carry the colony thru win¬ 
ter in the cellar; but some beekeepers— 
notably Leonard Griggs, who is one of the 
most successful producers in Michigan and 
who follows Mr. Running in the construc¬ 
tion of his bee-cellar—give to every colony 
they put into the cellar a half-depth super 
of natural stores. This is in addition to 
what the lower story happens to have. See 
Fig. 2. Also see Feeding and Feeders, 
subhead, “Feeding for Winter.” See also 
page 926. 
HOW TO BUILD A BEE-CELLAR, 
So far no specific directions have been 
given on how to build a David Running 
cellar. (See Fig. 1 and legend beneath.) 
Where the clay is firm and will not cave 
in, sustaining walls are not necessary. But 
in most localities a wall or board siding is 
very essential. Concrete walls are prob¬ 
ably cheapest in the end. Where the cel¬ 
lar is temporary or on rented land very 
good bee-cellars have been built by using 
cheap boarding nailed against ivooden 
posts. Mr. Brown (see Fig. 6), Sioux 
City, Iowa, makes four holes in the ground 
with a post-auger. These holes are deep 
enough so that an ordinary fence-post will 
stick above the ground three or four feet. 
The boarding is then nailed outside of the 
posts above ground. He then gets inside 
of the inclosure and digs an oblong pit deep 
enough so that he will have about feet 
between what is the top of the ceiling of 
the cellar-to-be and the bottom. The inside 
dirt is thrown outside of the wooden bar¬ 
ricade. This leaves an embankment of four 
or five feet of earth. He uses no sustaining 
walls in the lower half of the cellar. A 
ceiling is then put on, and then a gable 
roof is made to cover the embankment as 
well as the cellar proper. On top of the 
ceiling and under the gable roof is put 
from three to four feet of sawdust. 
From the general investigations that the 
Cross-section of Root’s bee-cellar showing two aisles and four long rows of hives. Two-by-fours (H) 
are placed on the cellar bottom as supports for the hives. The floor, walls, and ceiling of the cellar are 
of solid concrete, the ceiling and walls being reinforced with steel bars (B) and (D). The drainage-tile 
(P) is shown covered with cinders (G). 
