XYLOCOPA 
931 
as is used on burglar-proof safe-doors, and 
laminated three or four ply wood such as 
used in chair-bottoms and other places 
where there is a great 
strain applied. In the 
same way this combina¬ 
tion of a three-ply foun¬ 
dation with a hardened 
center sheet and a soft 
sheet of pure beeswax on 
either side is over twice 
as strong as any other 
foundation on the mar¬ 
ket. The photo of a boy 
hanging on a sheet of it 
illustrates its great 
strength. When it is un¬ 
derstood that the ordi¬ 
nary foundation of the 
same thickness or weight 
will sustain less than half 
this weight, it will be 
seen that this new prod¬ 
uct gives promise of be¬ 
ing a great acquisition. 
Prom the numerous tests 
that were made of it in 
the hive during the sum¬ 
mer of 1922, this lam- 
nated foundation re¬ 
sisted all stretching while being drawn out. 
It may be put into ordinary brood-frames 
without any changes. While it can be used 
without wires it is recommended that it be 
put on to four horizontal wires, said wires 
- 
passing through the end-bars in the regu¬ 
lar way. This makes a non-sagging comb 
that will be securely fastened to the frame 
of the regular pattern. 
Sheets of this three-ply foundation put 
into the hive during a dearth of honey will 
be drawn out into beautiful comb. The 
outer surface, being of softer wax, will be 
drawn out readily, while the tough center 
means that there will be little or no stretch¬ 
ing, and at the same time makes a comb that 
will stand rough usage, even when being 
hauled over the roads or when whirled in 
an extractor at a high speed. 
A feature that will be appreciated is 
that there will be no gnawing on the part 
of the bees around the wires, as no vertical 
or diagonal wires are needed; and since 
there are no intersecting wires there will 
be no holes. 
One swallow does not make a summer. 
One year’s test of any article or device 
may not be sufficient to show up a de¬ 
fect, if any, that may appear two or three 
years hence. While the author believes 
that both of the devices here shown to pre¬ 
vent the stretching of the sheet of founda¬ 
tion as it leaves the factory have merit, it 
will take more time yet before definite con¬ 
clusions can be drawn. 
WORKER COMBS. —See Combs. 
WOMEN AS BEEKEEPERS. — See 
Beekeeping for Women. 
68-p ound boy 
supported by a 
single sheet of 
three-ply comb 
foundation. 
X Y Z 
XENOPHON. — A Greek historian and 
general who refers to poisonous honey. See 
Poisonous Honey. 
XYLOCOPA. —To this genus belong the 
carpenter bees, among which are the larg¬ 
est bees in the world. They are so called 
because they excavate with their power¬ 
ful jaws tunnels a foot in length in solid 
wood. The cells are about an inch long, 
and are separated by partitions made of 
small chips cemented together in a spiral. 
The eggs are laid on masses of pollen, 
moistened with honey, the pollen masses be¬ 
ing about the size of a bean. A common 
species in the eastern United States is X. 
virginica. 
YELLOW POPLAR. — See Tulip Tree. 
YELLOW SWEET CLOVER. — See 
Sweet Clover. 
ZINC, Perforated. — See Drones, Ex¬ 
tracted Honey, and Swarming. 
