934 
BEEKEEPERS’ DICTIONARY 
North, hut sometimes severe in the South. See 
•'Diseases of Bees” in the body of this work. 
Bee pasturage. — Flowering plants from which bees 
gather nectar. 
Bee-pest.—A name sometimes used for foul brood. 
Bee plants.—Honey plants. Common plants which 
yield nectar available to honeybees in quantity 
sufficient to render them valuable in bee cul¬ 
ture 
Bee-space.—An open space in which bees build 
no comb or deposit a minimum of propolis. It 
is a passage between combs or part of a hive of 
from % to % inch. Five-sixteenths is usually 
taken as the average. See ‘‘Frames” in the 
body of this work. 
Beeswax.—The wax secreted by honeybees on the 
ventral abdominal segments, and used in build¬ 
ing their cells. It is composed in variable 
quantities of myrocin, cerolein and cerotic acid. 
Bee-tent. — Tent of wire cloth or netting large 
enough to contain a hive and the operator, in 
which bees may be manipulated without being 
troubled by robbers. See ‘‘Robbing” in the 
body of this work. 
Bee-tree.—A hollow tree occupied by a colony of 
wild bees. See ‘‘Bee-hunting” in the body of 
this work. 
Bee-veil.—A net veil for protecting the head from 
the attack of bees. 
Beeway sections.—Sections having insets at the 
edges so as to make passages for the bees when 
the sections are crowded close together. 
Black bees.—Broun bees. German bees. They are 
less gentle, less prolific, and do not resist brood 
diseases as well as Italian bees. The German 
bee was introduced into New England in 1638. 
Bottom-board.—The floor of a beehive. 
Box hive.—A plain box used for housing a colony 
of bees. Much used in the South. 
Box honey. — Honey stored in small boxes or sec¬ 
tions. 
Black brood.—Old name for European foul brood. 
Brace-comb.—The terms ‘‘brace-comb” and “burr- 
comb” are often used indiscriminately as mean¬ 
ing the same thing. More exactly, a brace-comb 
is a bit of comb built between two combs to fas¬ 
ten them together, or between a comb and ad¬ 
jacent wood, or between two wooden parts, as 
between two top-bars; while a burr-comb is a bit 
of wax built upon a comb or upon a wooden 
part in a hive, seeming to have no object but to 
use up wax. 
Braula coeca.—See “Bee Louse.” 
Breathing pores.-—See “Spiracles.” 
Brimstoning.—The operation of killing a colony of 
bees with sulphur fumes. See “Box Hives” in 
the body of this work. 
British standard frame.—A frame 14 inches long 
by 8 3 4 deep. 
Brood. — Young bees in the larval and pupa state 
not yet emerged from their cells. 
Brood-chamber.—That part of the hive in which 
the brood is reared. May be used as a super in 
extracting. 
Brood-comb.-—One of the combs in the brood-cham¬ 
ber. See “Brood” and “Combs” in the body 
of this work. 
Brood-nest.—That part of the brood-chamber occu¬ 
pied by eggs and brood. The term is also used to 
apply to that part where the bees are clustered 
when they have no eggs or brood. 
Brood-rearing.—Raising bees from the egg. 
Brushed swarm.-—An artificial swarm made by 
brushing or shaking part or all of the bees of a 
colony into an empty hive, thus anticipating and 
preventing a natural swarm. It is also called 
“shaken swarm” and “shook swarm,” although 
some object to “shook swarm” as being un¬ 
grammatical. See “Artificial Swarming” in the 
body of this work. 
Bumblebee.—-A large hairy social bee of the genus 
Bombus; bumblebee. 
Burr-comb.—See “Brace-comb.” 
Button or bouton.—The enlarged part at the tip of 
a bee’s tongue. 
Candied honey.—Honey that has granulated and 
become solid. See “Granulated Honey.” 
Cap.—1. A hive cover. 2. The covering of cells 
containing brood or honey; the capping; the 
sealing. 3. To cover a cell with a capping; to 
seal. 
Capped brood.—Brood sealed over by the bees 8 
or 9 days after the egg is laid; sealed brood. 
See “Sealed Brood.” 
Carniolan bees.—A grayish-black race of very gen¬ 
tle bees from Carniola, Austria. They gather a 
very small quantity of propolis, but swarm ex¬ 
cessively. 
Carton.—A pasteboard box for holding a section 
of honey. 
Cast.—A second swarm; also applied to any swarm 
after the first. 
Caucasian bees.-—A gentle race of black or dark- 
colored bees introduced into America from the 
Caucasus. They are much inclined to swarm 
and to propolize. 
Cell.—One of the hexagonal compartments of a 
honeycomb. 
Cell cup.—A queen-cell when it is only about as 
deep as it is wide. Artificial cell cups are made 
as well as natural. See “Queen-rearing” in 
the body of this work. 
Cell-protector.—A receptacle made of wire cloth, 
or of spirally wound wire, which protects the 
sides of a queen-cell from the attacks of bees, 
but leaves the apex of the cell uncovered. 
Ceresine.—A white wax-like substance, resembling 
paraffin, which is derived from the mineral ozo¬ 
cerite. It is used in adulterating beeswax. 
Chaff hive.—A hive having double walls filled be¬ 
tween with chaff. The term has gone into dis¬ 
use and in its place has come double-walled hive 
that may use any packing. See “Double-walled 
Hive.” 
Chorion.—The membrane or shell enclosing the 
egg. and in the honeybee covered by a network 
with oblong hexagonal interstices or meshes. 
Chrysalis.-—See pupa, the more usual name. 
Chyle.—In human physiology chyme is the food 
which after gastric digestion passes out of the 
stomach, and becomes after intestinal digestion 
a milky fluid known as chyle. Probably neith¬ 
er of these terms should be used in insect phy¬ 
siology. It is almost if not quite certain that 
brood food or royal jelly is not regurgitated 
“chyle,” or the contents of the ventriculus (the 
so-called “chyle stomach”). See “Royal 
jelly.” 
Chyme.—See “Chyle.” 
Clamp.—A winter repository for bees, made in 
sandy soil by digging a trench in which the 
hives are placed, and then covered with straw 
and earth. 
Cleansing flight.—The flight of the bees from the 
hive after long confinement, as in the spring, 
when they void their feces in the air. 
Closed-end frames.-—Frames with end-bars wide 
enough (1% or 1% inches) so that their edges 
come in contact their entire length. 
Colony.—A community of bees having a queen, 
some thousands of workers, and during part of 
the year a number of drones; the bees that live 
together as one family in a hive. 
Comb.—See “Honeycomb.” 
Comb-basket.—That part of a honey-extractor in 
which the combs are held. See “Honey-ex¬ 
tractor.’ ’ 
Comb-carrier.-—A receptacle in which one or more 
combs may be placed and covered, so as to be 
easily carried, and protected from robbers. 
Comb foundation.—Thin sheets of beeswax stamp¬ 
ed to imitate a base on which the bees will con¬ 
struct a complete comb. 
