THE CULTIVATOR. 
191 
SHORT HORN AND GALLOWAY BULL SIR WILLIAM WALLACE—[Fig. 93 ] 
The property of Edward Bement, Esq., near New-Brighton, Staten Island. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —I was much gratified 
to find you had commenced giving portraits of superior 
animals in your valuable paper, in July last, by present¬ 
ing that of “ President,” the property of Messrs. Gay¬ 
lord & Fuller, as being the best way to convey a de¬ 
scription, and placing them in a situation to be viewed 
by persons at a distance ; as well as giving to those un¬ 
accustomed to the different herds and breeds of cattle, 
an opportunity of forming some idea of their general and 
peculiar points and form. It will go far to correct the 
taste, artd form an opinion of what constitutes a good 
animal. By comparing the portrait of Oneida or that 
of Julia, with a calf or cow in their own yard, they 
can see at once how near they approach them, and 
where they are deficient. And by looking at the por¬ 
trait of President, and comparing it with a bull they 
are breeding from, they can form some idea of the good 
points or defects in their own animal, although I do not 
consider him a perfect bull. 
There is one difficulty, however, not easily overcome, 
and that is to find competent cattle painters. Now, I 
am well acquainted with the form and points of the 
bull President, and have bred to him, and think I can 
see a general resemblance in the portrait, still it will 
not bear scrutinizing closely, unless he has altered since 
I saw him. Possibly the engraver has not been faith¬ 
ful in transferring it to the wood, nor is the execution 
equal to some others which have appeared in the Culti¬ 
vator since. “Oneida,” “ Dallimore,” and “Julia” are 
all well engraved, and reflect great credit on the artists 
who executed them. 
Now, as the demand increases and suitable encourage¬ 
ment given, cattle painters will spring up among us 
and be found equal to the task. It requires as much, if 
not more study, than to paint a portrait of the human 
face. In animals it is not only the face and head, but 
the whole animal must be a portrait. I find I am wan¬ 
dering from the object of this communication, which 
was to introduce to the readers of this paper, “ Sir Wil¬ 
liam Wallace,” who stands at the head of this article, 
and not to criticise the portraits which have already 
appeared. 
“ Sir William” is a beautiful cream color, with a 
roan head and neck, was five years old last spring— 
was bred by Mr. Mills, of Long-Island ; was got by his 
imported Short Horn Durham bull “Young Wallace;” 
dam an imported full-bred Galloway cow. 
I saw him in August, and thought he possessed many 
valuable points, and was so well pleased with him, that 
I prevailed on his owner to have his portrait taken for 
the Cultivator, which he has kindly done and sent me. 
He was in low condition when I saw him, which ena¬ 
bled me to scan him closely, and I must admit I saw 
much to admire. 
The artist Mr.-, has put him on paper very 
correctly ; particularly his head, neck and fore quarters. 
He has given him a mild and placid countenance, which 
he possesses in an eminent degree. He has not, how¬ 
ever, given him the breadth of bosom, depth of chest 
which belongs to him; but take it as a whole it is very 
clever. 
He may be called by some rather heavy about the 
head and neck, but cannot be called coarse, and for my¬ 
self, I like that masculine appearance in a bull, for it 
indicates vigor and stamina. 
He measured around the girth 6 feet 9 inches, in 
length 7 feet 8 inches, 4 feet 2 inches high, and 1 
foot 11 inches across the hips, and was estimated to 
weigh 1,600 lbs. 
As I have not seen any account of the Galloway breed 
of cattle published in the Cultivator, and presuming it 
may prove interesting to some of your readers, I have 
transcribed from that valuable work, the “ Farmer’s 
Series,” on “ Cattle,” the following description of this 
breed. 
“The Galloway cattle,” says Mr. Youatt, “are 
straight and bread in the back, and nearly level from 
the head to the rump. They are round in the ribs and 
the loins. They are broad in the loin without any large 
projecting hook bones. In roundness of barrel and 
fullness of ribs they will compare with any breed, and 
also in the proportion which the loins bear to the hook 
bones, or protuberance of the ribs. The Rev. Mr. 
Smith, the author of the Survey of Galloway, says that, 
“ when viewed from above, the whole body appears 
beautifully rounded like the longitudinal section of a 
roller. They are long in the quarters and ribs, and 
deep in the chest, but not broad in the twist. The 
slightest inspection will show that there is less space be¬ 
tween the hook or hip bones and the ribs, than in most 
other breeds, a consideration of much importance, for 
the advantage of length of carcass consists in the ani¬ 
mal being well ribbed home, or as little space as pos¬ 
sible lost in the flank.” 
“ The Galloway,” continues Mr. Youatt, “ is short 
in the leg, and moderately fine in the shank bones— 
the happy medium seems to be preserved in the leg, 
which secures hardihood and a disposition to fatten. 
With the same cleanness and shortness of shank, there 
is no breed so large and muscular above the knee, while 
there is more room for the deep, broad and capacious 
chest. He is clean, not fine and slender, but well pro¬ 
portioned in the neck and chops; a thin and delicate 
head and neck would not correspond with the broad 
shoulders, deep chest, and close, compact form of the 
breed. The neck of the Galloway bull is thick almost 
to a fault. The head is rather heavy ; the eyes are not 
prominent, and the ears are large, rough, and full of 
long hairs in the inside.” 
“ The Galloway is covered with a loose mellow skin 
of medium thickness, and which is clothed with long, 
soft, silky hair. The skin is thinner than that of the 
Leicester, but not so fine as the hide of the improved 
Durham breed, but it handles soft and kindly:” 
“ The Galloway cows,” continues Mr. Youatt, “ are 
not good milkers, but although the quantity of milk is 
not great, it is rich in quality, and yields a large propor¬ 
tion of butter. A cow that gives from twelve to sixteen 
quarts of milk per day, is considered a very superior 
milker, and that quantity produces more than a pound 
and an half of butter. The average milk, however, 
of a Galloway cow cannot be reckoned at more than 
six or eight quarts of milk per day, during the five 
summer months, after feeding her calf. During the 
next five months she does not give more than half that 
quantity, and for two or three months she is dry.” 
It occurred to me that this bull “ Sir William,” would 
be a valuable animal to introduce into the herd of some 
breeder, where stock are a little coarse and too high on 
the legs. But I fear few or none will be found posses¬ 
sing courage or independence enough to try the experi¬ 
ment. This was the cross resorted to by Mr. Colling, 
which resulted so favoi-ably for him, as will be seen by 
the following, which is also transcribed from the “ Far¬ 
mer’s Series.” 
“ It is a well ascertained fact,” says the Rev. Mr. 
Berry, “that during his career as a breeder, Mr. Col¬ 
ling tried several experiments in crossing, and the breeds 
to which he resorted on these occasions, being very con¬ 
siderably smaller than the Short Horns, this circum¬ 
stance tends to corroborate the writer’s opinion that he 
considered it desirable to reduce their size. The cross 
with the Kyloe led to no results worthy of enumeration; 
but those with the polled Galloway must not be passed 
over without comment. Before stating the circum¬ 
stances attending this experiment, it may be proper to 
observe, that no breed of cattle promised so successful 
a cross with the Short Horns as the Galloway. They 
were calculated, by their deep,massive frames and short 
legs, to bring the Short Horns nearer the ground, and 
to dispose their weight in a more compact manner; 
their hardy habits would be essentially useful, and the 
quality of their flesh and hair were such as to render 
the experiment still more safe. Add to this, that they 
could be obtained of a red color ; and we are prepared 
to admit, even without the sanction of a successful ex¬ 
periment, that they were admirably adapted to cross 
with the Short Horns, standing frequently too high from 
the ground, not very well ribbed home, and not seldom 
of loose disjointed frame.” 
“ To this breed Mr. Colling resolved to resort, and 
though at the time when he did so, the event was re¬ 
garded with some degree of ridicule by the pure-blood 
advocates, and comments passed which would have de¬ 
terred ordinary men from the exercise of their judg¬ 
ment, Mr. Colling persisted.” 
“ He was much favored by circumstances in promot¬ 
ing his object, which was to take one cross, and then 
breed back to the Short Horn—the only course, by the 
way, in which crossing can be successfully adopted. 
To breed from the produce of a cross directly among 
themselves, will lead to the results which have induced 
many persons, without due consideration, to believe 
conclusively against crossing; but to take one cross, 
and then return and adhere to one breed, will in the 
course of a few generations be found to stamp a varie¬ 
ty with sufficient certainty.” 
“ Mr. Colling’s Short Horned bull, Bolingbroke, was 
put to a beautiful red-polled Galloway cow, and the 
produce being a bull calf, was in due time put to Joan¬ 
na, a pure Short Horn; she also produced a bull-calf. 
This grandson of Bolingbroke, was the sire of the 
cow Lady, by another pure Short Horned dam, and 
from Lady has sprung the highly valuable fami¬ 
ly of improved Short Horns, termed in reproach, the 
alloys. How far the alloys was derogatory let facta 
testify.” 
“ It will probably be admitted,” continues Mr. Berry, 
“ that the prejudice against this cross was at the highest 
at the time of Mr. Charles Colling’s sale. The blood 
had then been little if at all introduced to other stocks, 
and it was manifestly the interest, whatever might be 
the inclination of the many breeders, who had it not, 
to assume high ground for the pure blood, and to depre¬ 
cate the alloy. Under these untoward circumstances for 
the alloy, what said public opinion, unequivocally cer¬ 
tified by the stroke of the auctioneer’s hammer? Lady, 
before mentioned, at 14 years old, sold for 206 guineas. 
Countess, her daughter, nine years old, for 400 guineas. 
Laura, another daughter, four years old, for 210 guineas. 
Major and George, two of her sons, the former three 
years, the latter a calf, for 200 and 130 guineas; be¬ 
sides a number of others, more remotely descended 
from Lady, which all sold at high prices, in fact, in a 
sale of forty-eight lots, realizing £7,115 17s. Lady and 
her descendants sold for a larger sum than any other 
family obtained.” CALEB N. BEMENT. 
Three Hills Farm, Nov. 1840. 
TO MAKE HOME PLEASANT. 
The way to make a man’s home more pleasant than 
any other place, is that he should endeavor to please 
his wife, and accommodate her with every convenience, 
that she may have his meals, &c. prepared with the 
least possible attention and labor. There should be 
good water near at hand, an article wanted every few 
minutes ; a house well planned, and every thing so ar¬ 
ranged as to facilitate her operations ; hence the necessi¬ 
ty of her having every convenience to direct her servants 
in the performance of this three times a day business, 
of all others the least animating, as it is never done ; 
she will, as she ought, enjoy her husband’s smiles of 
approbation for her attention and good management, 
and also partake with him of the good things prepared 
by her care; yet this is often her principal remuneration 
for a sameness, is in her employment which continues 
through life. 
But the husband has many things to stimulate him to 
exertion. Sometimes popularity, or a prospect of gain. 
If a farmer, his growing crops; the increasing thrifti¬ 
ness of his stock ; and more than all, the amount of an¬ 
nual receipts arising from a well conducted farm all 
combine to encourage him and lighten his labors; his 
wife having her household affairs well arranged is there¬ 
by enabled to assist in the despatch of his business, by 
having her part regularly performed, establishing a 
union of interest, and consequently affection, which ne¬ 
ver fail to make home desirable. 
But as money alone will not make home pleasant 
without a proper expenditure of it, and as we all have 
appetites and senses to please, the necessity of planting 
around our dwellings a variety of best fruits is obvious 
to every one, such as will furnish the kitchen and ta¬ 
ble with a succession all the year; also a portion of 
the grounds should be suitably planted with ornamental 
trees, a part evergreen, and a part with deciduous shade 
trees ; the former by their dense green leaves protect 
from the north-western blast, and their lively appear¬ 
ance beguile the gloomy aspect of winter, whilst the 
broad leaves of the latter planted along the avenues af¬ 
ford a shade from the scorching sun. 
The yards and garden may be adorned with flowers 
to bloom in succession all the season, but to attain both 
profit and pleasure from fruits and flowers, they should 
be planted in a soil somewhat rich, and receive regular¬ 
ly during the summer season sufficient cultivation to 
keep the ground mellow and free from weeds—these to¬ 
gether with good farm crops will render a man inde¬ 
pendent; he visits his neighbors more from duty or ne¬ 
cessity than pleasure ; he enjoys more at home. A fami¬ 
ly thus situated has great cause to be thankful to a kind 
providence for blessings bestowed, and they should be 
very cautious about selling a home thus improved, if 
middle aged or in the down-hill of life; as many there¬ 
by unsettle and unfix themselves at a time when rest 
and repose are desirable and disqualify themselves from 
answering the great end of their creation. 
ROB’T SINCLAIR, Sen’r. 
Clairmont Nurseries, near Baltimore , Md., Sep., 1840 
