THE CULTIVATOR. 
21 
!ViR. M 5 INTYRE 5 S HEREFORD COW.— [Fig. 5.] 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —The cow, of which 
the accompanying wood cut is a portrait, is a full bred 
Hereford, descended from some of the best of that 
breed in England. She is one of the latest importation 
of the Messrs. Corning & Sotham in August last; and 
was purchased by myself in November. She was select¬ 
ed by Mr. Sotham, as a fair specimen of the breed 
in 
superiority of milking properties, and to show that the 
Herefords may, in that valuable quality, stand equally 
fair as in their generally acknowledged superiority in 
early reaching maturity and great propensity to fatten. 
Yours, sincerely, 
J. M’DONALD M’INTYRE. 
Albany, Dec. 30, 1840. 
By these estimates of its comparative value it will be 
seen that there must be great economy in its use—where 
transportation enters ii.to the cost of manuring a farm 
—as will be more readily understood by the annexed 
statement of the cost of manuring ten acres, for live 
years, in the town of Huntington, L. I., or in any other 
town where there is 40 or 50 miles of water transpor¬ 
tation, or two or three miles of land carriage from the 
sloop lanling, with stable manure from the city of New- 
York, and also with poudrette purchased annually of 
the New-York Poudrette Company, or with poudrette 
received as a dividend from the company. 
4th. “How is it to be applied?” When applied to wheat 
it is usually spread on at the time of sowing, and har¬ 
rowed in with the seed, at the rate of 20 to 40 bushels 
per acre—but some farmers have applied one-half the 
quantity at the time of sowing, to give it a vigorous 
start in the fall, and the other half in the spring ; there¬ 
by ensuring an early and healthy growth in the spring. 
For corn, about a gill, or handfull in the hill at planting; 
and an equal quantity put on at broad cast, and worked 
in with cultivator and hoe at the second dressing;' or 
15 to 30 bushels to the acre has been found to produce 
an excellent crop—having a deep green color w'hilst 
growing, and coming to maturity earlier than when ma¬ 
nured in the ordinary mo le. For oats, 15 bushels, and 
for buckwheat 10 or 12 bushels to the acre has been 
found to produce excellent crops. 
The 5th and 6th questions—as to the cost and trans¬ 
portation of poudrette, are easily answered. Present 
price of poudrette prepared by the New-York Poudrette 
Company, is 35 cents per bushel, heaped measure, or 
$1.65 per barrel of four bushels, including barrel. 
Where it is to be transported a short distance only, bags 
are the most convenient, as they may be returned at lit¬ 
tle expense for a further supply—but where it is to go 
some distance, and may have to remain one week or 
more in the packages, barrels, casks or boxes are the 
most suitable. 
Of the superior rvalue of poudrette where transpor¬ 
tation enters into the account, as a fertilizer, over all 
other kinds of manure in use amongst us, except bone — 
and some who have used both do not even except bone— 
I have no doubt; and I cannot, perhaps, better illus¬ 
trate its value than it is done in the annexed statement 
of the cost of manuring ten ucres, for live years, by 
three neighbors whose farms adjoin, in the town of 
Huntington, Long-Island, and about three miles from 
the landing, or in any other town on Long-Island sound 
or Hudson river, or in New-Jersey, with from 30 to 50 
miles of water carriage. 
Three neighbors—A, R and C, whose farms adjoin— 
lying about three miles from the landing, and 40 miles 
by water from the city, wish to manure 10 acres of 
ground each year, for five years. 
1st. A uses 20 city cart-loads of stable manure per acre, 
or 200 city cart-loadsat 50 cents each,.$100 00 
Freight on 200 loads, at 20 cents per load,.... 40 00 
Haulage from the landing to the farm, three 
miles, 20 cents per load,. 40 00 
Total cost for manuring 10 acres, 20 loads per - 
acre, per year,. $180 00 
Total cost for do 5 do do 900 00 
2d. B uses 30 bushels of poudrette, purchas¬ 
ed annually at 35 cents per bushel, 300 bush¬ 
els, . 105 00 
Freight by water, 40 miles, five cents per 
bushel, 300 bushels,. 15 00 
Haulage, three miles from vessel, seven loads 
of 43 bushels, at 75 cents per load,. 5 25 
Bags to transport it in, 50 bags at 22 cents per 
year,. 11 00 
Total cost for 10 acres, manured me year with -- 
poudrette,... $136 25 
Total cost do do five do 631 25 
3d. Ten acres with the same quantity, 30 bush¬ 
els of poudrette per acre, received as divi¬ 
dend on three shares of stock in the “ New- 
York Poudrette Co.” which costs,. 300 00 
Interest on $300, at seven per cent, for five 
years, ... 105 00 
Freight on 1500 bushels, at five cts per bush.. 75 00 
Haulage of 1500 bushels, or 35 loads of 43 
bushels per load, from vessel, at 75 cents,.. 26 25 
Bags, 50 per year, five years, at 22 cents,_ 55 00 
Total cost of manuring 10 acres, for five y’rs, $561 25 
Thus you will perceive, that when shares are taken 
at present rates, B would be the gainer t^ the amount 
of $218.75 by purchasing poudrette at present prices, 
and C to the amount of $338.75, by taking shares in 
the company at present rates, even if the company had 
but five years to continue, over A who uses stable ma¬ 
nure; this, however, is only a small part of the advan¬ 
tage accruing to the shareholder, as he will be able to 
manure ten acres for eighteen years, the period which 
the company has yet to continue by its act of incorpo¬ 
ration. The farmer w r ho uses stable manure will have 
to make a much larger outlay every five years, than 
the share holder in the “New-York Poudrette Co.” in 
13 years. 
There are, at this time, over 60 share holders who 
have used the article during the past season, many of 
whom have used it successfully 3 years in succession. 
Shares in the company may be had at one hundred 
uobars each—which are entitled to fifty bushels each 
spring and fall , or one hundred bushels annually. 
F>. K. MINOR, Ascent, 120 Nassau-street. 
New-York, November 25, 1840. 
Bate Sown Wheat. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —I sec in the Cultivator, 
of July last, an inquiry concerning late sowing of fall 
wheat. On this subject I have some experience. In the 
fall of 1832, I had a fine large Irish potato field; we were 
late getting off the potatoes; immediately after which we 
had it sown in wheat. After sowing, I think the day af¬ 
ter, there came on a severe freeze, and prevented the grain 
from vegetating until spring. In the spring it came up 
most beautifully, throve well, and produced as fine a yield 
and as good a seed as I ever had. This success induced 
me to try it again, and it succeeded equally to my satis¬ 
faction, so that I have adopted it as my system of sowing 
fall wheat. 
There is but one objection to it in Illinois, and that I 
have never experienced until the present year, and I be¬ 
lieve the same difficulty has attended early sown as well 
as late, but not perhaps to the same extent—that is, the 
blast or rust; but if we are more exposed to this evil, we 
are more than compensated for it (which will only be oc¬ 
casionally) in the security it affords against the fly and the 
severity of the winter ; in both cases I believe it to be a 
sure protection, particularly in the latter, which is very fa¬ 
tal to us in this country. To effectually secure either or 
both of these ends, it should be sown late in the fall, or any 
time in open spells in winter. 
Experiment with Potatoes. 
Before closing this communication, I would beg leave to 
give you some of my Irish potato experiments, for since I 
had the good luck to fall in with your valuable paper, I 
have seen a number of experiments and theories in rela¬ 
tion to the cultivation of this valuable root, some of which 
I believed, others which I doubted, and others which I 
wholly disbelieved ; and as our country (American Bottom 
near St. Louis,) is not only destined to be, but now actu¬ 
ally is, one of the greatest potato growing sections in the 
west, I thought that any information on the culture of this 
root would he necessary to myself and perhaps useful to 
others. 
And first, I will say the potatoes were all planted the 
same distance apart both ways; the only difference is in 
the quantity in the hill, and the preparation and quality of 
the seed. The question among potato growers here is on 
these points—not on the quality of the ground, the newer 
it’s the better—not on the variety of the article ; the large 
blue taking the decided preference of all others, the Rohans 
not excepted—-not on the kind or manner of manuring, for 
we scarcely manure our gardens here—not on the mode of 
culture; ail plant and plow them like their corn, only 
nearer both ways. 
I planted five rows side by side, and the hills I experi¬ 
mented on side by side ; and 
1st row, cut the common size, that is one large potato 
cut into 4 or 6 pieces, 4 pieces in a hill. 
2d row 4 pieces in a hill, cut as small again. 
3d “ 2 “ “ smallest round ones. 
4th “ 1 “ “ largest, without cutting. 
5th “ 2 “ “ of same size potato. 
I proceeded to dig two hills in each row, and count the 
number of potatoes in each two hills, and also to weigh 
them. The result was as follows : 
1st row, 
counted 53 potatoes, weighing 10| pounds. 
2d “ 
“ 62 “ 
“ lOf “ 
3d “ 
“ 36 “ 
“ 84 “ 
4th “ 
“ 37 “ 
“ 12| “ 
5th “ 
“ 31 “ 
“ 8i “ 
I observed that those in row 2, had the most small c 
and the fewest large ones—the large whole seed certainly 
furnished the largest potatoes, without, any small ones— 
the balance were pretty much alike in point of quality. 
What is the most surprising is that rows 1 and 2, should 
yield precisely the same weight of potatoes when only half 
the quantity of seed was used in the 2d row, and the on¬ 
ly difference is being cut again, having the same number 
of pieces in a hill, they being only half as large; thus it 
seems that they ought not to lie crowded in the hill. Row 
3 with about the same quantity, produced but 84 pounds 
which is a bad yield. Row 5 a good yield for the quantity of 
seed—|ih the quantity of seed and f rds the quantity of pota¬ 
toes compared with the best row 4, (the large whole seed.) 
Therefore if w r e want a large yield of large potatoes, plant 
the large ones whole, although they will not go as far as 
to cut them. 
We have cultivated the famous Rohans for the last two 
years, but they will not begin to compare with our Illi¬ 
nois blues, neither in quality or yield ; the blues will, I am 
satisfied, beat them twenty-five per cent in both these re¬ 
spects. THOMAS G. LOFTON. 
Six Mile American Bottom, Illinois, Oct. 2, 1840. 
Pedigree of Baisy. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker— The pedigree accom¬ 
panying the engraving of the beautiful heifer “ Daisy,” 
appears imperfect, as does many of the pedigress publish¬ 
ed, giving only the names of sires, g. sires, gr. g. sires. &c. 
It is as important that the pedigree be given of the dam, 
dam of sire, dam of g. and gr. g. sire, &c. Daisy was by 
Leopard, dam Matilda by Red Jacket, g. dam imported 
cow Majesty. Majesty having been imported, is no evi¬ 
dence of the purity of her blood. The dams of Red Jack¬ 
et and of Young Regent may have been native or grade 
cows. It says : “ White Jacket was got by Young Regent, 
whose sire was imported Regent, by Favorite tire sire of 
Comet.” Imported Regent was sold at the sale of Charles 
Henry Hall, Esq. in 183 J, for 8 years old. Comet (155) 
was got by Favorite (252), and in 1810 was sold as six 
years old. The famous Durham Ox was got by Favorite 
(252), and in February, 1801, was sold as a five year old ; 
of course Favorite (252), the sire of Comet (155), and of 
the Durham Ox. could not have been the sire of imported 
Regent, which was calved in 1822. Ajax the sire of Leo¬ 
pard was by Washington (1566), dam Red Lady by 
Washington (1566) g. dam Panzy by Biaize (76.) 
Herd Book. 
Connecticut, December, 1840. 
THE C'BXSSCB. BUS AG AIN. 
Messrs. Editors —Last spring you may recollect I 
addressed you on the actual and threatened devastation 
of the chinch hug in this section of our country, and 
offered a premium for a feasible remedy, (which was 
responded to by others till it amounted to a handsome 
sum.) I now inform you that “ our fears rvere disap¬ 
pointed and our hopes exceeded” as to this pest, by the 
hand of an overruling Providence. The season turned 
off wet and very propitious to crops of all kinds, and 
the ravages of this bug were arrested. Even fields of 
wheat that had been greatly injured, suddenly revived 
and produced tolerable crops ; and the corn crop, which 
last season in places here, was ruined, escaped unin¬ 
jured. 
Should next season in this region prorm dry or propi¬ 
tious to this bug, it remains to he seen wffiether it will 
again make its destructive appearance. 
Respectfully yours, 
SIDNEY WELLER. 
Brinckleyville, Halifax co. N. C. Nov. 24, 1840. 
