AAi4WJ!i!*M! 
56 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Baldwin’s Corn Crusher.— [iig. ai.J 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —Since the publication 
of a description of Baldwin’s Corn and Cob Crusher, 
(Cult. vol. 7, p. 196,) we have received a number of 
letters from your subscribers, inquiring relative to their 
merits, which has induced us to write again on the sub¬ 
ject, and add to our description a cut of the machine— 
a drawing of which you will find enclosed, (fig. 31.) 
The numerous worthless agricultural implements, &c. 
that have passed under our notice, has convinced us 
that it will require extra exertion to introduce into ge¬ 
neral use, any machine, however useful it may be, with¬ 
out assuring the agricultural community that they will 
be guarded against loss by machinery proving worth¬ 
less, and directly opposite to representation ; we have, 
therefore, determined in regard to this machine, as well 
as any other we may in future recommend, to guarantee 
them to perform well, and be as perfect as represented. 
In every case where they fail, with ordinary care and 
management, such may be returned, and the cost re¬ 
funded to the purchaser. The fact that three bushels 
of cobs possess as much nutriment as one bushel of 
corn—that cattle and swine fed on this mixture thrive 
much faster, and are kept in a more healthy condition 
than when fed on corn alone, is now too generally 
known to require us to say any more on the subject. 
The actual saving to the farmer (taking into considera¬ 
tion the corrective tendency of this description of food,) 
by using this machine, is about 35 per cent, an item in 
agricultural economy not to be disregarded by the fru 
gal husbandman. But to the description of the cut: 
B and C represent two fluted cylinders, placed hori¬ 
zontally, through which the corn and cob is first pass¬ 
ed ; these put it in a proper condition to pass through 
two finer fluted or ratched cylinders D, which are placed 
immediately under cylinders B and C ; and partially rest 
on a cast iron ratched concave,and which pass the ground 
corn and cob out at slide K. A, the hole through which 
the ear of corn is passed into the cylinders B and C. 
J and H, the cap or cover and end board, thrown up to 
show the interior of the machine. F, a heavy cast 
iron balance wheel. E, the driving pully, 14 inches in 
diameter, which should be driven by a band wheel or 
drum of sufficient diameter to propel it 250 revolutions 
per minute. L and G, crank to turn the machine by ; 
the labor and speed required, however will not justfy 
manual power to be applied unless very small quantities 
are to be crushed. The cylinders and concave are en¬ 
closed between two substantial cast iron sides and a 
strong wooden frame, all firmly bolted together and se¬ 
cured in the center of the frame by two wooden braces 
M, which are extended at the ends, and answer to re¬ 
move the machine by. The price of this machine as 
before stated is $65. Horse powers, suitable for two 
or four horses, will be furnished with the above ma¬ 
chines at $100 to $125 each, and driving bands $10. 
Corn Husker and Shelter. 
We are testing and about to manufacture Col. Golds- 
borough’s Patent Corn Shelter, and Husking Machine, 
which°will shell about 1,200 bushels of corn per day, or 
husk and shell 700 bushels. So soon as we are satisfied 
with its performance, strength, &c, we will write you a 
full description. 
We have in our agricultural warehouse several other 
new and valuable implements of husbandry, which we 
will describe in some future number of the Cultivator. 
Baltimore, Jan. 14. R- SINCLAIR Jr. & Co. 
Smoking and Preserving Hams. 
Messrs. Editors —It is now but little more than a 
year since I first got a peep at the Cultivator. And al¬ 
though the general appearance of my farm and stock 
may not as yet indicate any very sensible effect, I am 
frank to say your sheets have afforded me both instruc¬ 
tion and amusement. I have as yet neither bulls, cows, 
sheep or swine worth bragging about; but as this is 
about the season to prepare and smoke our annual 
stores of hams, I will venture to tell you, and if jou 
please, your readers, how I manage this business. In 
the first place, I take some suitable cask, perhaps a 
half hqgshead tub, and sprinkle a few small lumps of 
salt upon the bottom. Then pack in the hams, the 
skin downwards upon the lumps of salt, the shoulders 
also, filling the spaces between with cheeks, legs and 
tongues, making the top about level. Then pour in the 
brine, made of about an ounce of salt to a pound of meat, 
and an ounce or two of salt petre to 100 pounds of meat, 
with water only enough to dissolve them, and there let all 
rest two or ten weeks, according to convenience. When 
ready for smoking, I knock to pieces some old stump, 
about enough decayed to make a smoke without much 
heat, and smoke a day or two, and omit about as long ; 
smoking and drying without smoke alternately, some 
three our four weeks. 
To keep hams through the warm season, I formerly 
packed them in ashes ; but finding it an unpleasant and 
nasty business, I rejected it. Next came canvass bags 
and whitewash, which were soon abandoned. A third 
method was to hang them in a cask tight enough to 
keep the flies and rascally mice out. This proved a bet¬ 
ter way than either of the preceding ; but in damp 
weather the meat would get moldy. My present me¬ 
thod is to pack them in clean dry oats ; and in this way 
I can take out a piece at pleasure, which will be clean 
and bright. In the fall I mix the oats with corn and grind 
them, with which I make more ham. Thus nothing is 
wasted. 
I intended to communicate some notions of an old farm¬ 
er respecting the silk culture, surface spread manure, 
&c. but want of time obliges me to postpone to a more 
convenient season. ROBERT WILSON. 
Fairfield, Ct. Feb. 11, 1841. 
Extraordinary Secretion of Cflilk. 
Messrs. Editors— Having seen an article in the Cul¬ 
tivator of November last, with the caption, Extraordi¬ 
nary Secretion of Milk, and having been personally 
knowing to a circumstance somewhat similar to some 
of those mentioned in that article, I have thought best 
to give a brief sketch of the facts. Many years since, 
I was directed by an uncle, with whom I was then liv¬ 
ing, to turn a two year old colt into a back pasture, by 
which means she xvould be, not only out of sight, but 
alone and apart from any other domestic animal. At 
this time the grass had began to show quite a green ap 
pearance, it being about the middle of May. In about 
six weeks from this time, I discovered quite an enlarge¬ 
ment of the udder ; supposing the cause to proceed 
from some injury, I hastened to inform my uncle ; who, 
with myself and a third person, repaired to the lot 
without delay, and after a thorough examination, could 
find not the slightest injury whatever, but on the contra- 
ty, free from every appearance of having had an appli¬ 
cation of means being used calculated to produce milk ; 
and which was proved more fully by the exertions on 
the present occasion of stripping, which was continued 
for some time before the milk came ; fiom this time 
until late in the fall after, she was milked daily, giving 
a quart at a time by actual measurement, when with 
some care she was dried off. 
Oriskany , Dec. 17, 1840. 
D. P. S. 
To 
Preservation of Hoots in Winter. 
the Editors of the Cultivator —Your valuable cor- 
Hay, Cotton and Tobacco Press. 
Esteemed Friends —On seeing in the Cultivator an 
inquiry made for a portable bay press, I answer that I 
have one, supposed to be of the best construction, and 
is portable by four horses. Price $250, without the 
wheels or running gear on which it is drawn. ^It will 
answer eouallv well for cotton cr tobacco as well as ior 
hay, which information yon can give through your pub¬ 
lication. By the 3d mo. (March,) an agent is expected 
to go through Virginia, who might call and give such 
satisfaction as is required in the case, to such gentle¬ 
men as may desire to obtain such a press. 
J JEREMIAH BAILEY. 
Wilmington, Del. 1 mo. 21st, 1841. 
respondent, Mr. .T. M. Garnett, in his account of preserving 
carrots, potatoes, &c., recorded in your number oi the Culti¬ 
vator for the present month, says “ In regard to Irish pota¬ 
toes, a still thinner covering of earth than the one just men- 
tioned, suffices with us to preserve them from rotting. Indeed 
it would seem as if they could freeze and thaw several tunes, 
durum winter, without being destroyed, provided they are co¬ 
vered”with earth all the time ; for we often find them near the 
surface and perfectly sound, in the spring, when spading up 
the ground in which the crop had grown during the previous 
season. There they must have undergone freezing and thaw 
ing whenever the earth was in either state, as it often is toi a 
much greater depth than the potato roots ever extend. Why 
those roots should always be destroyed when they freeze . above 
ground, and not suffer equally when frozen under giound, is , 
matter of which I have never yet seen any explanation ; it is 
among the numerous mysteries m vegetable physiology tor the 
cause of which we have still to search. 
The. reason why potatoes, apples, &c. become soft, and lot 
when frozen and then thawed suddenly, uncovered and in open 
is, the sudden thawing. You may put a heap of apples on 
air, is, 
denly thaw them, the flesh will mortify and sluff off. But, if 
you freeze your fingers or other limbs, and put them in snow, 
and rub gently till they thaw; or if put into a pail of water 
just drawn from the well, which will be less cold than your 
rozen fingers, they will thaw slowly, and suffer but little in¬ 
jury. 
So the early autumnal frosts in September, if the morning 
after the frost is cloudy, the frost will be slowly drawn from the 
frozen vegetables, and they are not injured; but if they re¬ 
ceive the rays of the early and clear sun it thaws them so sud¬ 
denly, that they will hang their heads and perish. If wet with 
water from the well, long enough to extract the frost, before 
the sun shines on them, they do not suffer. 
Onions are a difficult root to keep in winter. If they are 
put in a cellar warm enough to save from frost, they will vege¬ 
tate and be deteriorated. I put them in the warehouse, where 
they freeze as hard as if out of doors. If in a heap, I cover 
them close with some old clothes, or any thing that covers 
close, to exclude the air. The same if in boxes or casks. 
They freeze hard, but it does not appear to injure them for 
present use, if thawed by putting them into a pail of fresh 
drawn water, to draw out the frost just before cooking them. 
Onions thus kept, will be in good condition in the spring, af¬ 
ter thawing under cover from the air. 
I put parsneps, carrots, beets, & c. in boxes or casks, and 
then cover them with potatoes, which preserves them from 
drying. Respectfully, DAVID TOMLINSON. 
Schenectady, Feb. 13, 1841. 
TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Though we have this month published at length or in 
a more or less condensed form about fifty communica¬ 
tions, we have at least a dozen more which ought to 
have had a place this month. “ Letters from the West, 
No. 5,” came too late, as did the favors of Mr. Weeks 
and Mr. Morris. Beside these, we have on hand a 
large number of articles from correspondents, for which 
we shall make room as fast as possible. Among these 
are—Reply to Messrs. Guthrie and Bement on the Su¬ 
gar Beet, by A. B. Allen. —Reply to “ R.” on steam¬ 
ing roots, by C. N. Bement. —Draining, by Henry 
Stephens. —Experiments in Maryland, by D. G. 
Weems. —Culture of Indian Corn, by Elias Sheldon. 
—Stables with and without Floors, by L. Durand. —On 
making Wine, by Schoolmaster Abroad. —Compara¬ 
tive value of Oxen and Horses, by R. L. Allen. —The 
Farmer’s Cottage House, by S. W. Jewett. —Culture 
of Indian Corn, by J. Armstrong. —Product of Three 
Acres, by C. Allan. —Grafting the Peach, by C. G. 
Page. —Winter Butter, by W. S. Wait. —On Bees, by 
J. M. Weeks, and many others. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
45 
46 
47 
The State Agricultural Society—Prof. Silliman’s Jour-' 
nal—Legislative Aid to Agriculture—Prof. Low’s Ulus- I .. 
trations—Imported Seeds and Implements—Mr. C. 
Allan’s Address,.... 
Work for the Month—Answers to Inquiries, &c. 42 
Agricultural Implements— Drills and Drill Barrows,.... 43 
Organic Chemistry in its application to'Agriculture,- 44 
Proceedings of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society- 
Tobacco—Durham Agricultural Society,. 
Gen. McDuffie’s Address—Head of the Horse—Hessian 
Fly—Underdraining with Wood, ... 
Dictionary of Agricultural Terms—Capacity of the Sto¬ 
mach.*.. .. 
Notes for the Month—Letter to Solon Rootnson, by J. 
M. Garnett —Feeding Swine, by T. C. Peters— 
Prices of South Down Sheep, by E. P. Prentice,. ... 
Reply to Messrs. Randall and Hepburn, by W. H. So- 
tham— Letter from the Earl of Warwick— New Va¬ 
riety of Corn and experiment with Potatoes, by S. P. 
Rhoades,.... 
Discordant Subjects among Farmers, by W . r- Kinzer — 
Making Pork, by An Onondaga Farmer— A Remedy 
for the Grain Worm, by S. W. Jewett,.. • • •. 
Cobble Stone Buildings, by D. T.—Culture of Indian 
Corn and value of the Sugar Beet, by D. C. Osborn 
Farming on the Prairies, by G. State Aid to Agricul¬ 
ture, by L. A. M.—Culture ol Wheat, by L......... 
National Agricultural Society and School, byF. H. Gor¬ 
don— Lincolnshire and Cotswold Sheep, by L. D. 
Clift —Management of Salt Marshes, by T. F. Lamb- 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
SON, 
53 
54 
the floor of a room, or other dry place, where they will freeze 
perfectly hard, and if covered close with any thing that Mill 
exclude the air, so that when the weather becomes warm 
enough to thaw, the apples will remain sound and uninjured, 
after they are thus closely thawed. The cover may ~e of u,e 
coarse tow of flax, or r.ny article that will cover them close and 
exclude the air. So apples may be packed in a tight ban el, 
if full and headed up so as to exclude the air, they may be 
suffered to remain so in a garret or any dry place wheie it 
freezes hard, and they will be found sound and free fr om in¬ 
jury jf the barrel remains tight till they are thoroughly thaiced. 
L is the sudden thawing that causes the apples or other 
vpfrptables to become soft-and rot. , 
Sothefingers on your hand, if frozen, and you expose them 
to sudden heat by warming them at the fire, and thus sud- 
To Western Emigrants, No. 5, by Solon Robinson Or¬ 
namental Gates, by C. N. Bement— Yorkshire Swine, > 
by J. & E. A. Harlan d,. ..J 
A visit to Mr. Allen’s Piggery, by A Western Farmer ? 
—Old Virginia hard to beat, by E. Valentine. S 
The Rohan Potatoes, by J. A- Thomson, F. E. Faxon, J 
A. C. Sanders, S. Henkel, J. W. Poiniek, Observer 
and C. Butler— Plan ot a cheap House, by S. B. 55 
Shaw —Rohaus and Merino?, by P. V. C. Mii.ler 
Blossburgh Coal, by Wi. Yates,. • • ..• *•••: 
Baldwin’s Corn and Cob Crusher, by R. Sinclair, Jr. & 
Co.—Hay and Cotton Press, bv J. Bailey— Preserving 
and Smoking Hams, bv R. Wilson— Extraordinary 
Secretion of Milk, by D. P. S.—Preservation of Roots 
in Winter, by D. Tomlinson,... 
56 
Illustrations. 
Fio'S. 17-24.—Drill Barrows and Corn Planters. 44 
Fig. 26.—Portrait of Hereford Bull, Sir George,.. 49 
Figs. 27, 28.—Plans of Ornamental Gates, • - -- •••••• 
29 30.—Plan and elevation of a Cheap r arm House, 55 
31 —Baldwin’s Corn and Cob Crusher,. 56 
Figs. 
Fig. 
Van benthuysen’s print, 
ALBANY, N. Y. 
