THE CULTIVATOR. 
141 
Great Sleeting of the Royal Ag. Society. 
We are indebted to J. C. Etches, Esq. Barton Park, 
Derby, England, for a copy of the Marklane Express , 
with its “ Supplement,” and to the Editors of the New 
Farmer’s Journal , London, for a copy of their paper 
and “ Supplement,” both containing the proceedings of 
the Royal Agricultural Society of England, at its third 
annual meeting, which was held at Liverpool, com¬ 
mencing on Monday, July 19th, and occupying the 
whole week. In the “ Supplement” to the latter pa¬ 
per, we have beautifully engraved views (occupying 
the whole of one of the large pages of that paper,) of 
the “ Plowing Match,” exhibiting about thirty teams— 
of the “ Grand Dinner at the Pavillion,” at which 2,900 
guests were present—and of the ‘ ‘ Interior of the Cattle 
Yard,” where were exhibited about 500 head of stock. 
The first prize of 30 sovereigns, for the best Short 
Horn Bull, was awarded to Thomas Bates, Esq. Kirk- 
leavington, for “ his short-horned bull, 4 years 7 months 
old, bred by himself.” “ Whether we regard the inte¬ 
rest displayed in the objects and operations of the So¬ 
ciety,” says the Marklane Express, “ the numbers and 
quality of the stock exhibited, or the extent and cha¬ 
racter of the exhibition of implements, it is abundantly 
manifest, that the utility of the Society is duly appre¬ 
ciated by all those who are competent to form an opi¬ 
nion on the subject.” 
We give the following letter from an English corres¬ 
pondent, the writer of which received at the above 
show, a prize of “ IQ sovereigns for the best short-horn¬ 
ed bull calf, 9 months old, bred by himself.” The letter 
of Mr. Etches, written in September last, to which he 
alludes, we regret to say, never reached us : 
Barton Park, near Derby, Aug. 2, 1841. 
Luther Tucker, Esq.: 
Dear Sir—Mine of September, in last year, as regards the 
Berkshire hogs, I have no doubt you have received. With this 
I send you a newspaper containing a full report of the meeting 
of the Royal English Agricultural Society, held at Liverpool 
last week but one. The show of cattle, sheep, horses, and pigs 
was splendid. To give you an idea of its extent, two thousand 
three hundreds pounds was received at the door of the show yard. 
In the list of prizes, you will see my name attached to a bull 
calf. The largest long-wooled Oxfordshire ram I considered to 
weigh, if slaughtered, 87 lbs. a quarter. The SouthDown sheep 
were splendid; the best ram would weigh, if slaughtered, 45 
to 50 lbs. a quarter. 
I did not show any pigs; if I had, I have great reason to be¬ 
lieve I should have been successful. I have now a new sort, 
bred in Worcestershire, small and up in their ears, long car¬ 
cass, good ham, small bone, short face, color red ground with 
black spots. One of these pigs was kept as well as possible till 
sixteen months old, killed, and weighed the enormous weight of 
33 score and 2 lbs., or 662 lbs. They are called by some, the 
Tam worth pig; I call them Worcestershire. It is so difficult to 
trace, with a degree of correctness, the origin of the Berkshire 
pigs, as the breeders of those animals very much differ in opi¬ 
nion on that subject, I am inclined to think those I have are an 
improvement on the new Berkshire, yet are sold to me by the 
breeder as Worcestershire or Tamworth pigs. Their propensi¬ 
ties to fatten excel all I have ever seen; they are nice pigs 
when young, as porkers at six months old, and at nine, twelve, 
or eighteen months, if fine flesh and fat bacon is required. 
I remain, sir, your ob’t serv’t, J. C. ETCHES. 
South Carolina Agricultural Societies. 
We find in the “ Southern Agriculturist,” a valuable 
monthly devoted to the cause of agriculture, a list of 
the agricultural societies in South Carolina, and we give 
the names as follows :—State Ag. Society of South Ca¬ 
rolina ; St. Johns, Colleton ; Beaufort; Ag. Society of 
South Carolina ; Barnwell Ag. Society ; Ag. Associa¬ 
tion of St. Andrews ; Sumpter Ag. Society ; Pendleton 
Ag. Society : Monticello Planter’s Society ; St. Helena 
Ag. Society ; Cambridge (Abbeville) Ag. Society ; Fair- 
field Ag. and Hort. Society ; Wateree Ag. Society ; Ab¬ 
beville Ag. Society ; Fishing Creek (Chester) Ag. So¬ 
ciety ; St. Luke’s Ag. Society, and Greenville Ag. So¬ 
ciety. 
The seven last named societies have been formed 
within a few months, a fact which speaks much for the 
increasing intelligence and zeal of the South Carolina 
planters. Few, if any, states in the Union are more 
decidedly agricultural than South Carolina, and from 
the combined effect of these organizations, and the in¬ 
fluence of the several well conducted agricultural jour¬ 
nals of the state, we are authorized to expect the best 
results. 
Henrico (Va.) Ag-. Society, 
We have received from W. H. Richardson. Esq. a 
pamphlet containing the address of the President of the 
Henrico Society, with the proceedings, list of premiums 
awarded, See., at the agricultural fair of that society, in 
May, 1841. The proceedings were of the most encou¬ 
raging and satisfactory kind, and the address, excellent 
in matter and manner, must have been listened to with 
much interest. We make room for the following ex¬ 
tract, as it contains an important truth well expressed : 
“ The great mischief, among us farmers, is, that we are in 
too great a hurry to get rich. We seem to forget that the gold¬ 
en age has passed by, and that we are living under the hard in¬ 
fluence of the iron age. We are greatly mistaken too, as I think, 
as to that in which our true riches consists. One man consi¬ 
ders himself rich, because he has a large sum of money to lend, 
and at an usurious interest, and thus takes advantage of the 
distresses of the times. Another is accounted rich, because he 
owns a large amount of stocks in some moneyed institutions. 
But the farmer’s wealth consists not in his stocks, not in his 
houses, but in his rich lands. I recollect when I began farming, 
an old friend and acquaintance, Mr. John Carter, gave me a 
piece of valuable advice—'Make your lands rich,’ said he 
‘ and in proportion as they become rich, you will be rich.’ ” ’ 
The Maryland State Ag. Society 
Will hold their annual Fair, for this year, at Elli- 
cott’s Mills, on Wednesday, the 15th of this month. 
KT. York County Agricultural Societies. 
The Cayuga Co. Ag. Society was organized at 
Auburn, July 22, 1841. Officers : 
HUMPHREY HOWLAND, Ledyard, President. 
VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
JohnM. Sherwood, Auburn; Loring Willard, Aurelius; Isaac 
Bell. Brutus; L. M. Hollister, Cato; Levi Colvin, Conquest- 
D. O. Durkee, Ira; Wm. F. Tompkins, Fleming; Matthias 
Hutchinson, Genoa; Wing Tabor,' Moravia; Samuel Bell, 
Mentz; Isaac Sission, Locke; Geo. R. Brinkerhoff, Owasco ■ 
Jonathan Richmond, Ledyard ; Mr. Fuller, Sempronius; John 
W. McFadden, Sterling; E. A. Howland, Venice; Matthias 
Vanderheyden, Victory; John Sittser, Sennett; U. F. Double¬ 
day, Scipio; Luther Fuller, Niles; Henry Crane, Springport • 
Martin Barber, Summerhill. 1 
Wm. Richardson, Auburn, Ree. Sec’y. 
Wm. C. Beardsley, Auburn, Cor. Sec’y 
John B. Dill, Auburn, Treasurer. 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
Ira Hopkins, Auburn; Thomas Bell, Aurelius; Moses Dixon, 
Brutus; Silas Dudly, Cato; Enos Witherill, Conquest; Samuel 
Phelps, Ira; Elijah Sheldon, Fleming; William Wilbur, Genoa: 
Isaac Cady, Moravia; Joseph Osborn, Mentz; Mr. Sherman', 
Locke; John Austin, Owasco; David White, Ledyard; Josiah 
Wilcox, Sempronius; George Cooper, Sterling; William Ben¬ 
nett, Venice; Peter Bogart, Victory; Wm. Webster, Sennett; 
Joseph Pettit, Scipio; John Rooks, Niles; Peter Yawger, 
Springport; A. J. Vanarsdale, Summerhill. 
Their Fair is to be held on the 2d Wednesday and 
the Thursday following in October. 
The Seneca Co. Ag. Society was organized June 
29, 1841. Officers : 
G. V. SACKETT, Seneca Falls, President. 
VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
Dr. J. L. Eastman, Lodi; Geo. Wodworth, Covert; Andrew 
Dunlap, Jr., Ovid; Elijah Denton, Romulus; Thomas Bur¬ 
roughs, Vanck; Dr. Oakley, Fayette; Joel W. Bacon, Water¬ 
loo; Silas Vandermark, Junius; Jason Smith, Tyre; Demins; 
Boardman, Seneca Falls. 
A. B. Dunlap, Ovid, Rec. Sec’y. 
Samuel Williams, Waterloo, Cor. Sec’y. 
John D. Coe, Romulus, Treasurer. 
The Washington Co. Ag. Society was organised 
at Argyle, on the 4th of August. Officers : 
HENRY HOLMES, Greenwich, President. 
VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
John Crary, Salem, I James Farr, Fort Ann, 
J. C. Whiteside, Cambridge, | Harvey Brown, Hartford. 
John McDonald, Salem, Cor. Sec’y. 
Asa Fitch, Jr., Salem, Ree. Sec’y. 
Ransom Stiles, Argyle, Treasurer. 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
David Sill, Thomas N. Clark, Argyle; Ezra Smith, Edward 
Long, Cambridge ; David Barret, Ralph Barber, Dresden ; An¬ 
son Bigelow, Aaron Biarker, Easton; James Rice, Andrew H. 
Moore, Fort Ann; D. T. Payne, J. Stevenson, Jr., Fort Edward ; 
John Barker, Reuben Skinner, Granville; L. Woodard, P B 
Whelden, Greenwich; John P. Adams, Moses Ward, Hampton; 
Richard Sill, Solomon S. Cowan, Hartford; S. D. Webster, 
George White, Hebron; Geo. McGeoch, Thos. Stevens, Jr. 
Jackson; A. H. Hitchcock, L. Andrews, Kingsbury; Alex. Rob¬ 
ertson, A. D. Welch, Putnam ; John McNaughton, David Law, 
Salem; S. Barker, James McKie, Jr., White Creek; George 
Barney, John H. Boyd, Whitehall. 
The Delaware Co. Ag. Society was organised at 
Delhi on the 15th July. Officers: 
SAMUEL A. LAW, Meredith, President. 
VICE-PRESIDENTS 
Thos. Hymers, Meredith, 
John Raitt, Bovina, 
Geo. W. Downs, Colchester. 
c*_ l_ ' 
Levi Hanford, Jr., Walton, 
George Sturges, Delhi, 
Sam’l W. Andrews, Hamden, ___ 
David McFarland, of Delhi, Secretary. 
Platt Townsend, of Walton, Treasurer 
The Otsego Co. Ag. Society was organized at 
Cooperstown on the 14th of August. Officers 
DANIEL H. LITTLE, President. 
Vice-Presidents —Orcut C. Chamberlain, Wm. A. Collins, and 
Elisha Doubleday. Id 
Ex. Committee—J. W. Tunnec] ll, Charles Gilchrist, Calvin 
Underwood, Jerome Clarke, Jr., did Daniel North. 
David L. White, Treas. | kpH. McLean, Sec’y. 
The St. Lawrence Ag. Socrr^'s was organized at 
Canton on the 27th July last, and trie ring officers 
appointed : 
RICHARD N. HARRISON, Canton, President. 
Vice-Presidents —Twenty-six, one for each town in the county 
were appointed. ’ 
Ex. Committee —Zenas Clark, Potsdam; S. D. Moody, Can¬ 
ton; D C. Gray, Lisbon; Wm. Bacon, Ogdensburgh; Harvey 
Lyon, 2 d, Oswegatchie; James Black, Lisbon, and Alfred Goss, 
Madrid. ’ 
Nathaniel S. Prentiss, of Canton, Treasurer. 
Charles Lyon, of Oswegatchie, Rec. Secretary. 
John L. Russell, of Canton, Corresponding Secretary. 
The Westchester Ag. Society was organized at 
Sing-Sing, Aug. 19, 1841, and the following officers ap- 
pointed : 
LEMUEL WELLS, Yonkers, President. 
VICE PRESIDENTS. 
Wm. Jay, Bedford, and Nehemiah Brown, Rye. 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
Jos. Schureman, N. Rochelle, 
Gilbert Brundage, Newcastle, 
Joseph H. Anderson, Harrison, 
Edw. B. Underhill, Yorktown, 
Cyrus E. Olmsted, Bedford, 
Tyler Fountain, Cortlandt, 
D. K. Sherwood, Mt. Pleasant, 
Gerard Crane, Somers, __ 
Andrew Findlay, Westchester. 
Jesse Ryder, Mt. Pleasant, Rec. Sec’y. 
Munson I. Lockwood, Mt. Pleasant, Cor. Sec’y. 
Isaac Seymour, Peekskill, Treasurer. 
The Columbia Co. Ag. Soicety was organized at 
Hudson on the 13th Aug. 1841, and the following offi- 
cers elected i 
EDWARD P. LIVINGSTON, Clermont, President. 
VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
John P. Beekman Kinderhook, I Oliver Wiswall, Greenport, 
Erastus Pratt, Austerlitz, | L. W. Tenbroeck, Livingston. 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
John Martin, of Claverack, I Henry Snyder, of Kinderhook, 
Seymour Smith, of Clermont, | Abraham Bain, of Copake, 
Darnel S. Curtis, of Canaan,; I Solomon B. Vail, of Greenport, 
John F. Collins, of Hillsdale, | Waterman Lippit, of Chatham, 
Jacob N. Harder, of Ghent. 
Wm. B. Ludlow, Claveraek, Treasurer. 
James McGiffert, Greenport, Secretary. 
A Cattle Show and Fair is to be held at Hudson, on 
the 2d Tuesday of October next. 
Liebig’s Organic Chemistry. 
We are gratified to learn, as we do by a letter from 
Prof. Webster, that a second edition of this work is 
already called for, and will soon be put to press. Prof. 
W. will be happy to receive the results of any experi¬ 
ments which have been made on Liebig’s principles, 
such as statements of the substances tried, the crops as 
compared with those from the usual treatment, &c., to 
be addressed to him per mail at Cambridge, Mass. 
Berkshire Pig—Acknowledgment. 
We have the pleasure of acknowledging the safe arri¬ 
val of a fine Berkshire boar Pig, from the justly celebra¬ 
ted stock of the Messrs. A. & G. Brentnall of Canter¬ 
bury, Orange coanty, N. Y., which we shall consign to 
the care of H. M. Gaylord, Esq. of Onondaga Co. presu¬ 
ming it will prove a valuable acquisition in improving 
the breed of swine in that vicinity. His pedigree is 
unexceptionable, being from the imported “ Ontario,” 
one of the most celebrated hoars now in the United 
States, dam “Flower of Orange,” from Mr. Hawes’im¬ 
ported stock. It is gratifying to find so much attention 
paid to improving the various breeds of our domestic 
animals, and in no case has this been more successfully 
done than with swine. Let the same skill and atten¬ 
tion be directed to our other domestic animals, and the 
same beneficial results would ensue. 
Agricultural Capital. 
What , in the hands of the farmer, constitutes capital, 
is an important query? With the merchant, cash is the 
capital, with the land owner, land is the capital, and 
with the farmer, cash, land and stock, is usually con¬ 
sidered the capitak But there are many other items 
that enter into the capital of the farmer generally over- 
looked, such as implements, manures, and the most im¬ 
portant of all, labor. Capital may be productive or 
nonproductive. A million of gold and silver locked ia 
a strong box, or a thousand acres of uncultivated land, 
may be capital,but so long as the property remains in this 
state it produces nothing, and the owner may be actual¬ 
ly growing poorer, instead of becoming richer. In- 
crease of wealth does not depend on the quantity of 
capital so much as in the use made of it; and in noth¬ 
ing is this more observable than in farming. There is 
many a man who has commenced his career as a farmer 
with fifty acres of land ; on this he annually expended 
in manure, labor, See. twenty per cent, and the produce 
was perhaps forty per cent. Encouraged by this suc¬ 
cess, he added to his farm another 50 acres, but his ex¬ 
penditure in capital is not proportionally increased, and 
the profits are lessened in proportion. Still he has not 
land enough, and he keeps purchasing land, while he 
adds little or nothing to his active capital, and the conse¬ 
quence is, while on fifty acres of land, he realized forty 
per cent, on five hundred acres he realizes nothing. 
He has converted his productive into unproductive cap¬ 
ital, and from his five hundred acres he does not clear as 
much as he did from his fifty acres, or perhaps he actual¬ 
ly falls behind. There is nothing more true than that the 
inordinate desire for large farms has been the ruin of 
thousands. It is true that a large farm may he made 
as poductive as a small one, but there must be the same 
pi oportion of capital in manure, labor, &c. put upon it 
a thing rarely or never done. That part of the farm 
upon which most capital is expended is the garden, and 
this is clearly the most productive and profitable ; and 
so with a small farm when compared with a large one. 
Let no one therefore desire to possess more land, or 
undertake the cultivation of more acres than he has 
capital to manage well. If he does, he will find he is 
rapidly sinking what little productive capital he possess¬ 
es, and may become a poor man with the means of ex¬ 
haustless wealth in his hands. 
Blossom of the Linden fatal to the Rose Bug. 
A writer in the Louisville Journal, speaking of the ef¬ 
fects of this pest of the florist and gardener, says they are 
nearly extirpated from his premises, “and seen only at 
the places of their destruction ; these are linden trees 
when in blossom.” He adds—“ my first impression 
was. that the bugs died about the linden tree, after de¬ 
positing their eggs and terminating their natural career ; 
hut such is not the fact; and I now speak with confi¬ 
dence, after several years observation and experience 
when I say the blossom of this tree destroys them, and 
will extirpate, (or nearly so,) the race from its imme¬ 
diate vicinity on the farm on which they grow. * * In 
rushing to the delicious fragrance and honey of this 
fioAver, they precipitate themselves on their own destruc¬ 
tion.” Of all the American forest trees there is none 
the fragrance of which is more attractive than that of 
the linden oi bass Avood, and none to which bees resort 
so gladly to collect honey. That this honey should be 
fatal to some insects and harmless to others, seems 
rather strange, and if others have observed effects simi¬ 
lar to those noticed by the Journal, it would be well to 
have the facts made known. 
Fair of the American Institute. 
Monday, October 11th, 1841, is the day determined 
upon for opening this celebration to visitors, at Niblo’s 
Garden, in the city of NeAv-York. Contributions from 
exhibitors Avill he received on Thursday, Friday and 
Saturday preceding. All the departments of Industry, 
Agriculture, Horticulture, Manufacturers, the Arts and 
Inventions are invited to contribute. 
