184 
THE CULTIVATOR 
<EI)e ^to^IJork Market. 
MONTHLY REPORT FOR OCTOBER. 
{Prepared for The Cultivator.) 
ASHES.—During the early part of the month there was a very 
active business in Pots. The demand for export exceeded the 
receipts, and gradually advancing rates were demanded and ob¬ 
tained. The arrivals from the interior were not heavy; and 
the market improved to $6-75, when some considerable parcels 
were received from Canada, which supplied the orders on the 
market; and since, the demand has materially decreased. The 
receipts are now to a fair extent with a rather limited inquiry, 
at $6-25 @ $6-37 1-2, mostly at the higher rate. Pearls have 
remained dull during the month at $6-00; the sales being princi¬ 
pally for home use. The rate is now $5-75, with limited sales. 
The advices by the Columbia have had no effect upon the mar¬ 
ket; and there is at present but little prospect of any improve¬ 
ment. 
COTTON.—In this important staple, there was during the 
first two weeks of the month, a depressed feeling; and holders 
being rather anxious to sell, a slight decline Was submitted to. 
The sales were not extensive, but the stock in the market was 
materially decreased by shipment from first hands. The stock 
is now very light, which, with the reception of advices from 
England, is rather more favorable than we have of late receiv¬ 
ed, and has given much firmness to the market; and prices 
may be quoted at 1-2 to 3c. ^ lb. higher than the lowest point 
of the season. This improvement is principally to be ascribed 
to the small stock here on sale. Of new cotton, about 2,500 
bales have been received, most of which has been sold. The 
quality of the new crop so far as received, is not very good. 
The demand was good for some time previous to the arrival of 
the Columbia, but the firmness of holders has since checked 
sales. The following are the quotations compared with the 1st 
of the month: 
1st Oct. 24th Oct. 
Upland and Florida, • •• * 7 1-2 @ 10c. 8 @ 10 l-2c. 
Mobile,. 8 @ iff 1-2C. 8 1-2 @ 11 1-2C. 
New-Orleans,. 7 1-2 @ lie. 8 @ 11 l-4c. 
FEATHERS.—Western live geese are selling at 38c. per lb. 
cash, with a fair demand. 
FLOUR AND MEAL.—The anticipations which were enter¬ 
tained of a short harvest in England, and thereby opening an 
extensive vent for our bread stuffs, having been dissipated by 
later advices of a nearly average crop, say about six sevenths, 
the market for flour fell off rapidly until it touched as low or a 
lower point than before the speculative feeling commenced. 
During the decline, buyers, especially for shipment and eastern 
ports, came into the market very sparingly, looking for still 
lower prices; and in consequence, the stock accumulated by 
fresh arrivals from the interior, until it became very large, al¬ 
most unprecedentedly so for the season. The large receivers 
continued comparatively firm, but some were found to sell; 
and a few sales of fair Genesee were reported as low as 
$5-37 1-2 @ $5-50. The millers having stopped grinding for a 
week, and having made an arrangement to make another stop 
from the 15th to the 27th, the receipts have become light, and 
the market having regained a healthy appearance t buyers have 
come in freely both for home consumption and shipment. The 
sgles now exceed considerably the daily receipts, and the stock 
in store is becoming reduced, but is however, yet large. The 
rates for Genesee and Ohio have gradually improved to $6-00 
@ $6-12 1-2, and the market evinces no appearance of receding 
at present. The receipts of Ohio are proportionably less than 
Genesee, and the rates are about the same. The market is 
nearly bare of Michigan and Troy, both of which bring $5-94 
@ $6-00. Southern flour being in fewer hands, has not fluctua¬ 
ted to the same extent. The demand has been inactive, but 
within a few days has materially improved. The supplies of 
Howard street have been very light. Holders have been very 
firm at $6-00 foT Georgetown and Howard street, andare to-day 
demanding $6-25 @ $6-37 1-2, and $6-50 is asked for Brandy¬ 
wine. Jersey Corn Meal is selling at $3-25, Brandywine, 
$3-37 1-2 in bbls., and $15-00 in hhds. Rye flour $3-50. 
GRAIN.—Nearly every description of grain has declined du¬ 
ring the month. Wheat has arrived in considerable quantities, 
and has fallen off from $1-45 to $l-18c. The market is now 
bare with considerable inquiry. The last parcel sold was Vir¬ 
ginia, which was taken on arrival^ at 125c. for milling. A good 
lot of Genesee would probably bring an advance on this rate. 
The reeeipts of southern corn were very large in the early part 
of the month, and the sale declined to 63c. bushel, running 
measure. The low price of whiskey checked purchases on the 
part of distillers, and the demand from the east was very small; 
consequently the stock accumulated. This has worked off, and 
the market is now bare of southern. The last sales were at 
65 @ 66c. measure. Jersey is selling 68 (® 70c. Northern, 70@ 
71c. Ohio 63 @ 66c. all measure. The demand is now anima¬ 
ted, and the market has an improving appearance, with but a 
light supply. North River rye has been for some time past 
steady at 65c. at the boat, 66 @ 68c. delivered. The receipts 
have not been large, and at those rates which are a considera¬ 
ble decline from our last month’s report, sales are easily ef¬ 
fected. New barley has made its appearance pretty freely. 
The first parcel sold early in the month at 68 3-4e. The article, 
however, has remained very heavy, and sales have since been 
made to some extent at 59 @ 60c. To-day, two parcels sold at 
63 @ 66c. The market has Deen poorly supplied with southern 
oats, but the arrival of northern have been equal to the demand, 
and the price has fluctuated between 49 @ 51c. The stock is 
now quite fair, with a good demand at 49 @ 49 l-2c. Black 
eyed peas are plenty, and the demand is limited. The last sale 
was made at $1-20 ^ bushel. 
PROVISIONS.—The market for Beef and Pork has become 
very heavy, but has probably reached its lowest point of de¬ 
pression. Our immense stock of Pork has been somewhat re¬ 
duced, but is still large, probably 45,000 bbls., and the rates are 
extremely low. The demand for export is limited. The ex¬ 
ports from the 1st to the 20th were only 3,150 bbls. The sales 
of Ohio Pork are at $7 @ $7-25 for Mess, and $9-25 @ $9 -50 for 
Prime. Dutchess county $S-62 1-2 @ $10-00, and State $8 @ 
$8-12 1-2 @ $9-50. At these rates, the market is quite dull. 
The receipts of new Beef are yet but limited, and holders are 
firm at $7-75 @ $8-00 for Mess, and $4-75 @ $5-00 for Prime. 
For old Beef, the rates are $4 @ $7. As in pork, the amount of 
transactions is limited to the actual wants of the trade. The 
exports to the 20th were only 799 bbls. Lard is in fair demand 
at 7 @ 8c. Dressed hogs are selling freely at 5c. Pickled hams 
5c. for old, and 7c. for new. Smoked hams 5 @ 8c. There is a 
brisk demand for butter, and good parcels find a ready market 
at 19 @ 22c. Shipping qualities command 10 @ 12c., good com¬ 
mon, 14 @ 16c. The supplies are not very large, and the mar¬ 
ket indicates a disposition to improve, and unless large quanti¬ 
ties arrive, the rates will no doubt advance materially. Cheese 
is also not very plenty, and is in good request at 6 @ 6 l-2c. in 
casks, and 7 @ 8c. inboxes. 
RICE.—'The stock has become almost unprecedentedly light, 
and holders are demanding and obtaining higher prices. Small 
lots of the old stock are selling at $4-00, and of the new, at 
$4-25 @ 37 l- 2 c. The transactions are confined to the immedi¬ 
ate wants of the trade. 
TOBACCO.—There is very little activity in the market at pri¬ 
vate sale; and prices during the month, have declined nearly 
lc. ^ lb. The feeling is still heavy, and the stock accumula¬ 
ting. The quotations are Richmond and Petersburg 4 @ 8c. 
North Carolina, 4 @ 6c.; Kentucky, 5 @ 10c.. Manufactured, 
No. 1, 12 @ 15c.; No. 2, 10 @ lie.; No. 3, 8 @ 10c. 32 
lumps, 16 @ 20c.; Ladies Twist, 16 @ 20c.; Cavendish, 10 @ 
40c. There appears to be no reason to anticipate any improve¬ 
ment at present, either in demand or prices. The inspection of 
Virginia to 30th Sept, amounts to 51,994 hhds., against 58,034 
hhds. last year. The stock is 8,719 hhds. against 13,829 hhds. 
last year. The quotations given above are entirely nominal. 
WOOL.—There has been for the last month a fair amount of 
transactions in this staple, and the demand continues to be 
quite good. Prices have become settled, and will probably un¬ 
dergo no material change. Since our last report, prices in the 
country have declined slightly. We quote this month, Ameri¬ 
can Saxony, 45 @ 48c.; Full-blood Merino, 40 @ 45c.; half-blood 
to full, 33 @ 38c.; common to half-blood, 25 @ 30c.; superfine 
pulled, 36 @ 40c.; No. 1, 34 @ 36c.; No. 2, 25 @ 28c. 
TALLOW.—The demand is good, and all the receipts are ta¬ 
ken. The stock held by the butchers is very large, and they are 
only selling in small lots. We quote City rendered, 9c.; grass 
fed, 9 @ 9 i-2c.; sheep, 8 @ 8 3-4c. The supplies are not very 
heavy. 
CATTLE.—The supplies of Beeves have been rather large du¬ 
ring the month, and the market has been heavy. On the three 
market days there have been 3,900 offered, and 3,550 sold. On 
the last market day 1,800 were offered, including 500, left over 
from the previous market. There was a good attendance of 
buyers, and the drovers having submitted to a reduction, 1,550 
were sold at $4 @ $6-50, averaging $5-50 ^ 100 lbs. Of Cows 
and Calves, 50 were at market; 35 were sold $25 @ $40 each: 
which has been about the rates of the month. 2,800 sheep and 
lambs were offered and all sold at $1-50 @ $4, for sheep, and 
$1-25 @ $2-50 for lambs. The rate for Hay has ruled 87 1-2 @ 
112c. by the load, during the month. The supply is but mode¬ 
rate. 
Premiums on Butter, Cheese and Field Crops. 
It will be seen, by reference to the proceedings of 
the Executive Committee of the N. Y. S. Ag. Society, 
in another part of this paper, that the list of premiums 
heretofore offered for butter, cheese, and field crops, 
and which are to be awarded at the annual meeting of 
the Society, to be held in this city on the 18th and 19th 
days of January next, have been considerably increased. 
We particularly invite the attention of our dairy¬ 
men to the subject; and as the premiums are open to 
all, we may hope that the liberal scale on which they 
are got up, may induce an active and honorable com¬ 
petition. Those who bring their butter and cheese will 
doubtless have an opportunity of disposing of it to the 
best advantage, even should they not happen to receive 
a premium. 
2d Exhibition of the Maryland S. Ag. Society. 
This meeting took place at Ellicott’s Mills, on the 
15th and 16th of Sept. We learn from the American 
Farmer, that although the exhibition was very respec¬ 
table, yet owing to the unfavorable location of the place 
of meeting, it fell short of the expectations of many. 
The exhibition of swine was most imposing, and the 
Marylanders are in a fair way to possess some of the 
finest stocks of hogs in the United States. Old Ken- 
tuck will find it necessary to look well to its laurels. A 
fine lot of South Downs were exhibited by Dr. Thomas, 
but these were the only lot on the ground. Some beau- 
tiful Short Horns and Devons were exhibited, but judg¬ 
ing from the report, Otsego, Onondaga, Cayuga, or On¬ 
tario in our own State, would exceed the State Society 
of Maryland in this respect. The display of agricul¬ 
tural implements was of the most interesting kind, and 
has rarely been exceeded in this country. Some of 
these, which were comparatively new inventions, were 
much admired, and sales were made, and orders to a 
considerable extent were given on the ground. The 
address was by the President of the Society, Gen. 
Emory, and we should be happy to lay the whole of it 
before our readers could we find space for it; but his 
remarks on the improvement made in domestic animals 
within the last sixty years, or since the time of Bake- 
well, are so just and worthy the consideration of all, 
that we extract a few sentences from this part: 
“It is very strange, but it is nevertheless a fact, that there 
are some practical farmers, who, (losing sight of earlier matu¬ 
rity, greater aptitude to fat, and superiority in the quality of 
the meat,) deny that the improved breeds of English animals 
are any better for our purposes than the old stock found upon 
our estates some 30 or 40 years ago. I feel able to speak from 
some experience on this subject, and to say that the ox or the 
wether averages now on my farm at least twice the weight they 
did 40 years ago; and the meat being of much better quality, 
they will sell for nearly three times the prices they sold for at 
that time. But in proof of the gross error of such opinion, I 
will offer you far better testimony than that of my own experi¬ 
ence. 
“ By the estimate of Dr. Davenant, made in the year 1710, the 
average weight of black cattle, (so called because most of them 
were then black,) was only 370 lbs., that of the calf, 50 lbs., 
and those of sheep and lambs taken promiscuously, 28 lbs. 
“ Mr. McCulloch in his Dictionary of Commerce, a book hav¬ 
ing the accuracy of a law book, makes an estimate 120 years 
afterwards in the same (Smithfield) market, and puts the weight 
of cattle at 550 lbs., sheep at 50 lbs., and calves at 105 lbs. 
“Mr. Youatt, who has still more recently prepared a most 
valuable book on cattle, estimates the present average, to be 
656 lbs. for cattle, 90 lbs. for sheep and lambs, and 144 lbs. for 
calves; being about double the weight of those animals as esti¬ 
mated by Davenant 130 years before.” 
In this country the increase has not been as rapid as 
in England, but with the infusion of improved blood in 
our herds, and a better system of breeding in operation, 
the effects are already extensively felt here, as the in¬ 
creased averages of the Boston, New-York, and Phila¬ 
delphia markets demonstrate, an increase within 20 
years, estimated at from 12 to 20 per cent. Never was 
there a more heterodox opinion advanced, than that we 
should in effect go back to the point from which Bake- 
well started -some sixty years since in improving our 
stock, which would be the case should we, for our old 
1 domestic breeds, reject the English improved ones. 
Notices to Correspondents, &c. 
Communications have come to hand, during the past month, 
from S. D. Martin, Solon Robinson, J. G. Kellogg, C. Butler, A 
Young Farmer, I,. Durand, J. N. Smith, A Real Friend to Agri¬ 
culture, A. Y. D., E. G. Hulett, George Randall, W. H. Sotham, 
(since withdrawn,) E. Comstock, A. G. Carll, C. Hoffman, J. 
H. Merrick, L. A. M., W. P. Kinzer, J. Johnston, fm. Partridge, 
B.P. Johnson, D. G. Weems, C. Olds, S. Moore, H. S. R., Com¬ 
mentator, A. B. Allen, Wm. Jennison, N. N. D., M. Davis, Jr., 
A Breeder of Horses and a Subscriber to the Cultivator. 
Corrections. —In the article headed “ Farmers, cut your Fod¬ 
der,” in the last Cultivator, instead of “ Gibson’s,” read Gil¬ 
son’s Patent, and the signature should have been Richmond 
Fisk, instead of Richard. 
Messrs. Editors —I regret to have to ask you to be at the 
trouble to correct a slight error in my letter in the last Cultiva¬ 
tor, in which, instead of reading “ they will be sufficiently cor¬ 
rect for 150 or 200 miles north of this latitude,” it should have 
been, “ north or south of this latitude.” S. Moore. 
Acknowledgments. 
Since our last notice, we have received 
From Geo. Randall, Esq. New-Bedford, a lithographic print of 
his Ayrshire cow “ Swinley.” 
From Ruggles, Nourse & Mason, the extensive manufacturers 
of Plows and other Agricultural Implements at Worcester, 
Mass., one of their superior and highly finished plows, which 
has been forwarded to Otisco, to be tested by Mr. Gaylord on 
his farm. 
From Mooers & Slater, Ithaca, N. Y. one of their premium Side 
Hill Plows, an engraving of which is given in this paper. 
From H. M. Gaylord, Esq. Otisco, two barrels of Apples, among 
which are fine specimens of the Newtown, Striped and Jersey 
Pippins, Swaars, Russets, Seeknofurthers, Winter Sweets,Red 
Sweets, and the Parson’s Apple. Mr, G. says —“ The Parson’s 
Apple I think you will pronounce a superior one. It will be a 
yellowish white when fit for eating, which will be from Novem¬ 
ber to February. The original tree stands in the orchard of 
J. Parsons, Esq. The Winter Sweets are original with us. 
The fruit will be of a rich yellow hue when fit for use, which 
will be in December. For sauce (preserves) it is the best fruit 
we have.” 
From William Kenrick, Esq. a copy of the 3d edition of his 
New American Orehardist, just issued from the press of Otis, 
Broaders & Co. Boston. 
From John Hannam, Esq. North Deigliton, England, the Leeds In¬ 
telligencer, containing the proceedings of the Wetherby Agri¬ 
cultural Society, at their late Show and Fair. 
From Amos Dean, Esq. Albany, a copy of his Address before the 
Young Men’s State Association. 
From E. P. Langdon, Esq. Cincinnati, the Annual Report of the 
Condition of the Common Schools of that city. 
From Dayton & Saxton, booksellers, Neitf-York, “ The Young 
Choir, or School Singing Book, by Wm. B. Bradbury and C. 
W. Sanders.” 
From Gould Blackman, Stratford, Conn., (perH. C. Tomlinson,) 
an ear of White Flint Corn, measuring fourteen inches in 
length. 
Advertisements. 
So many and such urgent applications have been made to us 
to admit advertisements of stock, agricultural implements, 
fruit trees, &c. into the Cultivator, that we have (in part to 
avoid the necessity of giving what should be inserted as adver¬ 
tisements as communications) concluded to give all such ad¬ 
vertisements one insertion; believing that while we shall thus 
oblige the dealers in such articles, we shall at the same time 
confer a favor on our readers, as it must be a matter ot interest 
for them to know where they can procure improved seeds, im¬ 
plements, stock, &c. to the best advantage. O’ Terms of ad¬ 
vertising, $2 per square of 12 lines. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
Fair of the State Agricultural Society at Syracuse—Mr.) ... 
Sterling’s speech, *.) 
Trial of Plows, &c.. 170 
Mr. Baldwin’s speech—Award Of Premiums,. 171 
Reports of various committees,. 172 
Vote of thanks—Brewer’s Grains as a Manure,. 173 
N. Y. State Ag. Society’s Premiums for Butter, Cheese, ) 
and Field Crops, &c.—Oneida, Columbia, and CoTtla'nd ( 174 
County Fairs,. ) 
Tompkins, Erie, and Monroe County Fairs—Lee Town j 
Society Fair,. 5 176 
Ontario, Jefferson, Onondaga and Cayuga County Fairs) 
—Columbia Floral and Horticultural Society—Large I 
Crops—Premium Side Hill Plow—Correspondence, In- j I7t> 
quiries, &c.—Imported Stock,.J 
Premium Animals and Implements—Sugar from Indian 
Corn—Facts relating to India—Fair of the American / 177 
Institute—Berkshires for the Southwest,.) 
The Alpaca or Peruvian Sheep—Notices of New Publica- ( 
tions,... ) 1 
The Hessian Fly—The Woburn Hogs—Old’s Corn Planter j 
Traveling Memoranda, No. 5,. ) llv 
Mr. Allen’s Visit to England—The Short Horns as Milkers j 1an 
—Corn Culture—Canada Thistles,. ) 18U 
Breeding Cattle—White Daisies—Transmutation—Foot ) 
Rot in Sheep—Manufacture of Urate—The Crops in | ... 
Virginia—Ayrshire Cattle—Sun Dials—Large Pig—Cor- j 181 
Ncw-Jersey Marl—Management of Bees, No. 6,.. •••* 162 
Comments on the Sept. No.—Cutting up Corn—The South ) 
Downs, . ) 183 
Review of the New-York Markets, Notices, kc.. 184 
Illustrations. 
Fig. 83—Bamaby & Mooer’s Premium Plow,. 17S 
Fig. 84—The Alpaca or Peruvian Sheep,. 178 
Fig. 85—Old’s Corn Planter,.179 
Fig. 86—Canada Thistle Forceps,-*. 180 
STEAM-PRESS OF C. VAN BENTHUYSEN. 
