THE CULTIVATOR 
<f Advancing- Backwards.” 
A most singular controversy for the year of our Lord 
1841, is at present going on in Great Britain. It is 
whether the great mass of the farmers and breeders of 
cattle shall be kept in ignorance, that a few men, called 
horse or cattle doctors, may be benefited. The Vete¬ 
rinarian, a magazine conducted with great ability by 
Messrs. Youatt, Pick, Percival, &c., the most celebrated 
veterinarians in that kingdom, has been in the habit, 
while describing the diseases of animals and the means 
of relieving them, of giving the symptoms, medicines, 
&c. in such terms and language as would be understood 
by every well informed man, and of course rendered 
their labors available to all. Their object has been 
to divest the treatment of sick or disabled animals of 
the mystery which interested farriers have long thrown 
around it; in short to do away the quackery which in 
that country, as well as this, is so common among cat¬ 
tle or horse doctors. This course has long given dis¬ 
satisfaction, with the numerous practitioners in a small 
way all over the kingdom; since, as the farmer w-as 
enlightened in the nature of diseases and their reme¬ 
dies, their services in curing sick animals would be dis¬ 
pensed with. The breaking out of this feeling occur- 
red when Prof. Sewell, of the London Veterinary Col- 
lege, at the request of the Royal Agricultural Society, 
drew up his account of the epidemic so fatal to cattle, 
sheep, and swine, in England for some three years past, 
with the best course of treatment and remedies, ami cir¬ 
culated'it in all quarters of the island. The dealers in 
quack specifics, nostrums, holy water, See. and who 
were profiting largely by the credulity of the many, 
saw their craft was in danger, and raised the cry against 
the diffusion of such knowledge among the people ; and 
strange to say, some from whom better things might 
have been expected, have joined in this crusade. The 
ground openly taken, as appears from the last number 
of the Veterinarian, “ that if the people, the farmers, 
are taught to cure their own cattle, the veterinary prac¬ 
titioner must lose his fees, and be compelled to resort 
to labor or something else to live.” To prevent this, 
an “ Association” has been formed, the proceedings of 
which are to be published, but in such a way that none 
but the initiated will be benefited, or able to avail them¬ 
selves of the remedies or means of cure proposed. We 
venture the prediction that this attempt to shut out light 
from the many will not succeed ; if it does, all we have 
to say is, those who submit to such impositions, deserve 
the yoke. 
Comparative value of Fuel. —Several years since 
Mr. Marcus Bull instituted a series of experiments, 
founded on those of Count Rumford, in regard to the 
quantity of heat given out, and the consequent value 
of the different kinds of fuel for economical purposes. 
The result of the whole was as follows : 
Hickory,. 4 cords 
White Oak,. 4 3-4 “ 
Hard maple,.6 2-3 “ 
Anthracite coal,. 
Soft maple,. 7 1-6 “ 
Pitch pine, . 9 1-7 “ 
White pine,-. 9 1-5 “ 
4 tons. 
Thus it seems four cords of hickory give out as much 
heat as 4 tons of coal, 6 3-4 cords of maple, or 9 1-5 
cords of pine. A knowledge of these facts might aid 
those who purchase their fuel, in determining which is 
the cheapest for them, at any given time. 
High Manuring. —That eminent farmer, E. Phinney 
of Massachusetts, says —“ From no item of outlays can 
the farmer derive so complete, or so certain a profit, as 
from his expenditures for manure, to a certain extent. 
This has been most strikingly verified by some of our 
West Cambridge farmers. It is not uncommon among 
some of the farmers of that town, to put on their gardens 
one hundred dollars worth of manure to the acre ; and in 
more cases than one, the gross sales of produce from 
ten acres under the plow have amounted to five thou¬ 
sand dollars in one season. This is the result of high 
manuring and the judicious cultivation of a soil, too, 
which is exceedingly poor and sandy.” 
Turnep Seed. —The growing of turnep seed is a bu¬ 
siness of much consequence in Great Britain, and great 
pains are taken to produce that of the best quality. Mr. 
Imrie of Ayrshire, a seedsman noted for the quality of 
his turnep seed, had this year 20 acres cultivated for 
turnep seed alone. Mr. Imrie’s great improvement con¬ 
sists in drying the seed on the straw of the turnep, sus¬ 
pending the crop on ropes in the field until it is fully 
cured and fit for thrashing out. Seed so prepared does 
not injure in the storing, as it sometimes will when 
cured in the ordinary methods. 
Wool in Australia. —Perhaps the records of any 
country do not furnish an instance of more rapid in¬ 
crease in the production of wool, than the original con¬ 
vict settlement of Australia. We say original convict 
settlements, because, though such at first, they arc now 
the chosen point of emigration for multitudes in Eng¬ 
land, offering advantages which it is thought the Cana¬ 
das do not possess, for successful agriculture. In 1807, 
the whole quatity of wool grown in Australia was only 
345 lbs. In 1839, it had increased to 20,128,774, equal to 
one-fifth of the whole consumption of Great Britain. 
A large part of this wool was exported to England, and 
the trade in Australia wool is becoming rapidly of 
great consequence to both countries. We see too, that 
a large number of the finest improved stock sold at 
auction at the late Fairs in Britain, has been purchased 
for that region of our globe. 
<&l)e ^etu-Uork Market. 
MONTHLY REPORT FOR NOVEMBER. 
{Preparedfor The Cultivator.) 
ASHES.—At the close of the last and the commencement of 
the present month Pots were dull at $6-121 @ $6-25, and Pearls 
at $5-75. The latter have been inactive throughout, but closed 
without change in price; the former declined to $6, with occa¬ 
sional sales at $6-i2 1-2, and a moderate demand. At the close, 
however, more firmness was evinced in consequence of favora¬ 
ble advices from abroad, and considerable sales were made at 
$6 (@ $6-12 1-2, mostly .it the latter rate, at which they are still 
freely offered. Receipts from the commencement of the season to 
19th November, 31,077 barrels of both kinds. Exports for Octo¬ 
ber, 1,564 bis. Pots, and 300 bis. Pearls; do. in November to 17th 
instant, 1,041 bis. Pots, and 136 do. Pearls. 
COTTON.—Holders during the month have submitted to a de¬ 
cline of about, one-half a cent per pound with a fair business 
though mostly for home use. The market closes heavy. We 
quote New-Orleans, 8 @ 12c.; Alabama, 8 @ 11 l-2c.; Florida, 
7 1-2 @ 10c.; and Upland 7 1-2 @ 10 l-4c., though it may be re¬ 
marked that occasionally small parcels are obtained at some¬ 
thing under these rates. The last advices from abroad were not 
considered favorable. 
FLOUR and MEAL.—In consequence of some foreign demands 
and the anticipation of a short supply for the winter, Flour has 
advanced since the commencement of the month about 62 1-2 
cents per barrel, but closes very heavily at the enhanced rates. 
We now quote Genesee, $6-75; Ohio, $6-62 1-2 @ $6-75 ; Troy, 
$6-62 1-2 @ $6-68 3-4; Michigan, $6-66 1-4 (a, 6-62 1-2; and 
Southern $6--G2 1-2 @ $6-75. About 12,500 bbls. were exported 
from the 1st to the 17th, and we should think about 10,000 more 
are in process of being shipped. Rye flour is 50 @ 75 cts. high¬ 
er, with a fair demand and very scarce. We now quote $4 @ 
$4-25, and Corn-meal $3-12 1-2 @ $3-2-5, vvhich is the same as 
before reported. 
GRAIN.—The supply of Wheat has been moderate, though 
about equal to the demand; consequently prices have not ma¬ 
terially varied from those current at the beginning of the month. 
Upwards of 30,000 bushels Western via New-Orleans have been 
received and partly sold as follows : 2,000 for export at $1-40, 
and since 15,000 for milling, at $1-37 1-2. Southern brings 
$1-32 1-2. Rye has been scarce, and wanted for distilling for a 
considerable time past. We quote Northern 75 @ 77 cents, an 
advance since your last of 8 (eg 10 cents ; 2,500 bushels Odessa, 
instore a year, sold some time since at 68 1-2 cents. Barley 
has advanced from 59 @ 60 cents (at which a parcel sold on the 
1st) to 75 cents, with considerable sales. Oats lias varied from 
49 1-2 @ 52 cents, closing at 51. There is no Southern or Jersey 
here. Corn has been quite uniform, but as the time for the re¬ 
ceipt of new has arrived, has now become dull. Five hundred 
bushels new Northern brought 65 cents, weight at the boat, but 
that price could not probably be obtained for more. We quote 
old at 70 cents, and Southern 67 cents, both measure. Black- 
Eyed Peas continue plenty, and sell in lots at $1-12 1-2 cash. 
HOPS.—The transactions have been very unimportant, and 
although there is some inquiry for export, we have heard of no 
important transactions for that purpose. Western, of which 
the stock is small, may be quoted at 10 cents, and Eastern 15c., 
with small sales of both descriptions. 
LEATHER.—In consequence of the prevailing disposition to 
force Leather by auction, prices have receded 1 cent per pound 
since 1st November, during which time five public sales have 
taken place. Light may be quoted 21 @ 21 1-2, Middle 19 1-2 (® 
20 12, Heavy 17 3-4 @ 18 1-2, Damaged 15 @ 16 1-2, and Poor da¬ 
maged 9 @ 12 cents. Public sales for the 2nd and 16th Decem¬ 
ber are announced. 
PROVISIONS.—During the first part of the month Beef and 
Pork were extremely dull, especially the latter, which sold, 
perhaps, lower than at any time previous, but toward the close 
revived, and on Beef an advance of 50 cents @ $1 was-obtained. 
We quote Mess, $7-50 @ $8-25; Prime, $4-50 @5-25. Mess 
Pork, $9-25 @ $10; and Prime $7 @ $8. Large sales of Lard 
have been made for export at 6 1-2 cents, may now be quoted 
6 1-2 @ Scents. Prime Butter 20 cents. Western Dairy 15 @ 
17, and Ordinary 10 @ 14 cents. New Hams sell at 9 1-2 cents'^ 
Shoulders 5 1-2 @ 6 cents. Bacon Sides and Dressed Hogs 4 cts. 
per pound. 
RICE.—At the commencement of the month some new made 
its appearance at market, and small sales were made at $4 @ 
$4-12 1-2 % 1> 100 lbs., but towards the close, the stock being 
abundant, declined to $3-75, and the market unsettled incon¬ 
sequence of the large receipts. There have been, very few sales 
for export. 
SEEDS.—Timothy has advanced from $13-50 (the lowest 
point,) to $16, with sales, and although the article is out of 
season, we understand there is a large order in. market which 
cannot be filled even at that rate. Ciover bps continued very 
scarce and prices have gradually advanced until Wednesday, 
when, owing to recent foreign advices, a sale of 40 tierces was 
made for export at 13c. Eighty hushels Canary to arrive coast¬ 
wise, (not yet here,) brought $6, cash. There have been no Re¬ 
ceipts for a considerable time past. 
TOBACCO.—Throughout the month has been very inactive, 
the demand being chiefly for home consumption, but towards 
the close there was a trifling inquiry for the Mediterranean and 
African markets without any change in prices. Foreign is plen¬ 
ty and dull. 
WOOL.—The demand has been very small and confined prin¬ 
cipally to the dealers. A sale of Spanish was made, by auction 
at 31 1-2 @ 47 1 2c. 4, 6 and 8 mos. We quote 
Am. Saxony, fleece, lb.------.—48 @ — 50 
American full blood Merino,.— 42 @ — 45 
American half and three-quarter Merino, - • • — 35 @ — 37 
American Native and one-quarter Merino, • ‘ — 25 (® — 30 
Superfine, pulled,.—36 (g — 40 
No. 1. do. .— 34 @ — 36 
No. 2. do. .— 25 ® — 28 
South-American, washed,.;.— 8 (it — 10 
South-American, washed and picked,.—16 (m — 18 
South American, unwashed, .— 6 (a] — 8 
African,.— H @ — 12i 
Smyrna,.— 9 m — 14 
Mexican,.— IQ (<| — 12j 
CATTLE.—The supply of Beeves has been large, principally 
frorr. this state, but including a considerable number from the 
south. The sales have ranged from $4 @$6-75, $4-50 @ $6-75 
closing heavily at $4 @ $6-50, average $5-25 fl? 1 100 lbs. Sheep 
and Lambs have been plentiful and sold principally at $1-25 @ 
$4, closing at $1-25 @ $4-60 for sheep, and for lambs $1 @ 
$2-50to $1 @ $2-25. 
HAY—Has not been very plenty, but equal to the demand, 
and steady at 93je. (SJ $1-06.1 100 lbs. 
HIDES.—The stock is large for the season, dealers well sup¬ 
plied and the prices lc. V’lb. lower than could have been reali¬ 
zed one or two months since. 
A Larger Beet still. —Master John Lansing, 
son of the Hon. R- Lansing, of Waterloo village, N. 
Y. raised this season, a blood beet ineasuring 2 feet 8 
inches in circumference, and weighing 22 lbs. with the 
tops off. 
N. IT. State Ag. Society. 
The Annual Meeting of the New York State Agricultural So¬ 
ciety will be held in the city of Albany on the 18th and 19th days 
of January next. The exhibition ot Butter and Cheese, and 
specimens of Field Crops, will be held on the first day of the 
meeting. 
The County Societies are requested to transmit the reports, 
required by the statute to be made to the Executive Committee 
of the State Society, to the care of the Recording Secretary, Al¬ 
bany, at as early a day as possible. 
Dec. 1 . LUTHER TUCKER, Recording Secretary 
Notices to Correspondents, Sic. 
Communications have come to hand during the past month, 
from James M. Garnett, D. S. Howard, W. & F. Scott, Index, J. 
Harland, C.W. Kelly, J.W, Booth, L. A. Morrell, Farmer Hodge, 
F. Burt, John Johnston, J. F. Osborn, Tyler Fountain, R. N. 
Parkhill, A Floridian, Win. Partridge, J. B. I)., N. B. Moore, An 
“ Onondaga Farmer,” H. M. GayloTd, Seth Whalen, Wm. R. Ol¬ 
den, N. N. D., S. Robinson, S. W. Jewett, C. N. Bernent, Garret 
Bergen, Pearl, Jacob Vrccland. 
The inquiry of James Pierce, Esq. is answered in the adver¬ 
tisement of Mr. Mott,which will appear on the sheetwith the In¬ 
dex. He has our thanks for his suggestions, though we do not 
feel authorized to comply with theim 
Correction.— The communication of L. A. M., last number, 
page 175, for “ soundness of the plan,” read, “ sacredness of 
the place.” 
Acknowledgments. 
We have received during the past month, 
From H. L. Ellsworth, Esq. Commissioner of Patent Office, an 
Appendix to the “Letters on the Wabash Valley,” embracing 
several letters on improving prairie lands, from which we 
shall draw largely hereafter for the benefit of our readers. 
From Jordon L. Mott, N. Y. one of his Patent Agricultural 
Furnaces, heretofore noticed in this paper, for which he has 
our thanks. (See notice on Advertising Sheet, which will ac¬ 
company the Index.) 
From Wiley & Putnam, N. Y. a copy of “The Poultry Yard,”a 
Practical view of the best method of selecting, rearing, and 
breeding Domestic Fowls, by Peter Boswell, just repub¬ 
lished by them from the second English edition. 
From Dayton A Saxton, publishers N. Y., Bradford’s handsome 
octavo vol. entitled, “ American Antiquities and Researches 
into the Origin and History of the Red Race.” 
From their respective editors, “Professor Silliman’s American 
Journal of Science and Arts”—“The North American Re¬ 
view”—The weekly numbers of the “ New Farmer’s Jour¬ 
nal”—and the “Mark Lane Express,” London. 
From John Johnston, Esq. Geneva, “ The Dumfries Courier • 
containing an account of the last meeting of the Highland Ag. 
Society. 
From J. F. Osborn and Wm. Ingells, beautiful specimens of In¬ 
dian corn. 
From R. & E. Allen, Fayette county, Ky., a pamphlet conta.n- 
ing the portraits and pedigrees of the Berkshire hogs, owned 
by them. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
Our next Volume—A Word to Subscribers—English Cor- ) 
respondence—Plighland Agricultural Society,.. ) 185 
New American Orchardist—Hitchcock’s Elementary Geo-1 
logy—Quarterly Journal of Agriculture—Letter from ! 
Conservative Bee-keeper—Application of Clay to Soils [ 186 
—Agricultural Schools—Plum Tree Blight,.J 
Making Wine—Growth of Trees—Sagacity of the Dog— ) 
The Agricultural Art—Bloody Murrain—Butter,. j 187 
Reasons for Engaging in the Silk Culture—Ayrshire Cat- ) 
tie—Wheat Statistics—Crushed Bones—Large Vegeta- / 1S3 
hies, . ) 
Profits of Farming—The Silk Business of 1S41—State of ) 
the Laboring Classes in Europe—Guano, or Peruvian > 189 
Manure—Canker Worm on the Elm—Weevil in Wheat, ) 
Premium Crops—Fairs of 1841—New-England Agricultu- { 
ral Societies—American Institute,... ij 190 
Premiums of American Institute—Reports of Viewing ) 
Committees—Mr. Howland’s Address—Cuyahoga Agri- > 191 
cultural Society,. \ 
Genesee Agricultural Society—Henrico Agricultural Soci- ) 
ety—New-York County Societies—Great Crop of Oats > 192 
—Vines in.Winter,... ) 
Comments on October No.—Treatment of the Horse,. 193 
Wellington and Gore Agricultural Societies—Migration of ) 
•the Swallow—Lamb’s Tails—Illacklock’s Treatise on > 194 
Sheep,... ) 
Hatch’s Sowing Machine—Ashes—A Suggestion—Large ) 
Calf—Query—National Agricultural Society—Agricul- > 195 
Jural Journals,. ) 
Mr. Bement’s Short Horn Bull Astoria—Means of Promot- 1 
ing a Knowledge of Meteorology—Traveling Memoran- > 196 
da No. 6,. ) 
Hay Rigging—Plan of a House—Letter from Kit Cornhill j 
—Relief of Choked Cattle—The HoTse,. j 197 
Wheat Culture—Berkshires and Woburns—A Farm Gate ) 1QQ 
—Importation of Cattle,. ) 193 
Mr. Howland’s Address—Large Pig—Mr. Johnston’s Prize j lon 
Bull, -. f 199 
Review of the Ncw-York Market—Notices, &c. . 200 
Illustrations. 
Fig. S7—Hatch’s Sowing Machine,.. 195 
Fig. S8—Mr. Bement’s Bull Astoria,. 196 
Fig. 89—Hay Rigging, . 197 
Fig. 90—Front View of a Farm House,. 197 
Fig. 91—End View of do. . 197 
Fig. 92—Ground Plan of do. . 197 
Fig. 93—A Farm Gate,. 198 
Fig. 94—Berkshire Pig,. 199 
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