A CONSOLIDATION OF BUEL’S CULTIVATOR AND THE GENESEE FARMER. 
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Cult. Vol. IX.-—No. 2. 
ALBANY, N. Y. FEB. 1842. 
Cult. & Far. Vol. III.—No. 2. 
PUBLISHED MONTHLY. 
GAYLORD &, TUCKER, EDITORS. 
LUTHER TUCKER, PROPRIETOR. 
One Dollar per annum—Six Copies for $5. 
(PAYABLE ALWAYS IN ADVANCE.) 
20 per cent commission on 25 or more subscribers, and 
25 per cent commission on 100 or more. 
Subscriptions to commence with a volume ; and the money 
to be sent free of postage. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
c< TO IMPROVE THE SOIL AND THE MIND.” 
THE CREDIT SYSTEM. 
By the advice of several friends, we were induced to 
give notice in our December No. of last year, that we 
should send the present volume of the Cultivator to all 
our old subscribers, unless orders were received for their 
discontinuance. We find, however, from the short trial 
we have made, that the “ credit system” will not answer 
our purpose. Our Agents in all parts of the country ob¬ 
ject strongly to it, as they assure us that very many of 
the subscribers, finding that they receive the paper regu¬ 
larly, will neglect to pay for it till their bills are pre¬ 
sented, which would give them more trouble than they 
can afford to take. The Cultivator is published at so low 
a price that it will not enable us to employ traveling 
collectors ; and it is too heavy a tax on our friends to 
ask them to collect our bills. We have therefore come 
to the conclusion to resume the “ cash system,” and 
hereby give notice that we shall hereafter send the Cul¬ 
tivator only to such as have complied with our terms by 
paying in advance for it, as we believe this will be the 
best course in the long run, not only for ourselves, but 
also for our agents and subscribers. Those, therefore, 
who wish the paper continued to them, should imme¬ 
diately hand their dollar to the person acting as agent 
in their neighborhood—or what would be better, we 
should be glad to have each subscriber act as agent, 
and obtain subscribers enough to enable him to remit 
us a $5 bill. 
THE VERMONT OAT CROP. 
In our last vol., p. 192, we gave an account of a crop 
of oats grown on four acres, by D. June, Esq., of Bran¬ 
don,Vermont, which produced 588 stoolcs, of 12 bundles 
each. It will be seen by the following letter from Mr. 
June, that he has since thrashed, measured, and weighed 
the oats, and that the four acres produced 514 bushels 
and twenty quarts, being an average of 128 bushels 21 
quarts to the acre. Who can equal, not to say beat, 
this 1 
Brandon, Vt., Jan. 22, 1842. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker— Having been requested 
to communicate the result of my oat crop, and manner 
of cultivation, to your paper, as it has an extensive cir¬ 
culation among the farming community, I would state 
that the land was pastured several years previous; in the 
season of 1839, it was plowed up in the sward, (the soil 
black muck;) in the month of JVfay, 1840, it was tho¬ 
roughly tilled, harrowed down smooth, then twenty loads 
of good manure spread to the acre, and plowed in to 
the depth of four inches, and harrowed; then planted to 
potatoes. In the spring of 1841, the land was plowed 
once, four inches deep, which made it very lisrht and 
mellow; the 16th of May, I sowed sixteen bushels of 
barley oats on the four acres. I reaped 588 stooks of 12 
bundles to the stook, from the four acres; having thrash¬ 
ed and measured them in the half bushel, (not by the 
stook or load,) the result is 514 bushels 20 quarts, mak- 
ing 128 bushels 21 quarts to the acre, and weighing' 36 
lbs. to the bushel. Drances June. 
We should be glad to engage the services of a 
few respectable and trustworthy men, as traveling agents 
for the Cultivator. 
ANNUAL MEETING of the N. Y. S. AG. SOCIETY, 
The annual meeting of the New-York State Agricul¬ 
tural Society was held at the Exchange in the city of 
Albany, agreeably to notice, on the 19th of January, and 
was numerously and respectably attended. The exhibi¬ 
tion of agricultural products for premiums, took place 
the day previous, the 18th, and though the specimens 
were not as numerous as could have been wished, or as 
may be expected hereafter, they were such as to furnish 
much encouragement to the friends of agricultural indus¬ 
try, and prove most satisfactorily the advances made 
within a few years in the improved system of hus¬ 
bandry. 
Premiums were awarded as follows: 
On Butter: 
1st—$30—to J. T. Lansing, Watervliet. 
2d—$20—to William Merrifield, Guilderland. 
3d—$10—to Charles Lyon, Ogdensburgh. 
On Cheese: 
1st—$20—to H. & P. Allen, Duanesburgh. 
2d—$10—to Daniel Marvin, Cooperstown. 
3d—$8—to Phineas Hardy, Le Ray. 
On Wheat: 
1st—$20—to George Shaeffer, Wheatland. 
On Barley: 
1st—$15—to J. N. Tunnicliffe, Richfield. 
On Indian Corn: 
1st—$20—to William Ingolls, Volney. 
2d—$10—to J. F. Osborn, Port Byron. 
On Oats: 
1st—$15—to D. W. Weeks, Watertown. 
2d—$8—to John S. Jones, East Bloomfield. 
3d—$5—to Amos A. Eggleston, Greenwich, 
On Potatoes: 
1st—$15—to Phineas Hardy, Le Ray. 
2d—$8—to H. D. Grove, Hoosick- 
On Ruta Bagas: 
1st—$15—to W. B. Ludlow, Esq., Claverack. 
2d—$8—to George Shaeffer, Wheatland. 
On Sugar Beets: 
1st—$15—to S. B. Vail, Greenport. 
The proceedings of the Society were conducted with 
the greatest harmony and good feeling; and in the re¬ 
view of what the Society had accomplished the past 
year, it was found there was abundant cause for gratula- 
tion. The manner in which the efforts of the Executive 
Committee had been seconded by the farmers in almost 
every section of the State, proved the interest felt in the 
association, their confidence in the beneficial results that 
would follow the organization and success of the Society, 
and their willingness, when properly appealed to, to 
sustain it by contributions to its funds. The best spirit 
was every where manifested; and all present seemed to 
feel that the year 1841 had opened a new and auspicious 
era in the history of New-York agriculture. It was felt 
that the principal difficulties in the way of the Society 
have been met and surmounted, and that the success 
which had attended its efforts was a most triumphant re¬ 
ply to the objections which a few had made to the utility 
of such associations. 
The address of the president, which was able and in¬ 
teresting, was delivered to a large audience on the eve¬ 
ning of the 19th. As it will be published and read with 
interest and instruction, no farther reference will be ne¬ 
cessary in this place. 
The Report of the Executive Committee, which is to 
be made to the Secretary of State, will, we are confident, 
when it is laid before the public, be found one of the 
most truly valuable Reports ever submitted to the State 
Government. Should the anticipations of the friends of 
the Society be realized in its continued existence and 
usefulness, the Annual Reports which the law makes it 
necessary for the Society to present, will present a faith¬ 
ful record of the progress of agriculture in the State, 
and a mass of authentic facts, such as have not yet 
been embraced in the agricultural history of the United 
States. 
The proceedings were closed by an Agricultural Sup¬ 
per at the City Hotel, served in the usual good taste of 
Mr. Foster, which was attended by a number of invited 
guests, among whom were the Governor of the State, 
several members of the Legislature, and others. Joel 
B. Nott, Esq., the late president of the Society, pre¬ 
sided. In the course of the evening, Gov. Seward, 
Rev. Mr. Colman, Gen. Leland of the Assembly, Al¬ 
derman Joy, Dr. Beekman of Columbia, Judge Vvn 
Bergen of Greene, Messrs. Walsh and Viele of Rens¬ 
selaer, Johnson of Oneida, Caldwell of Orange, and 
Randall of Cortland, responded to the calls made upon 
them to address the company. The speeches of the 
happiest character. At one o’clock, the" company sepa¬ 
rated, well pleased with their day’s labor and evening’s 
entertainment, and with a renewed determination to 
make the New-York State Agricultural Society worthy 
the character of the Empire State. 
LETTER FROM AN AMERICAN IN ENGLAND. 
By the Brittania steamer, which arrived at Boston on 
the 22d ult., we received the following letter from our 
friend, T. C. Peters, Esq., president of the Genesee 
County Agricultural Society in this State, who is now on 
a visit to Great Britain: 
London, December 29th, 1841. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —I have been so entirely busy 
since my arrival in this country, that I have not had time to 
fulfill my promise to you till this moment. Even now I have so 
much upon my mind of the cares incident to business, that 
fear I shall not be able to make a letter at all interesting. 
I have seen the country at a very bad season of the year. It 
has rained almost every day since I landed; but even with all 
that disadvantage, I can see that it is a beautiful country. And 
its farming is but an enlarged system of gardening. In many 
things connected with agriculture, they are decidedly superior 
to us ; and in no one thing more than in the great attention 
and care they bestow upon their land. No man can farm suc¬ 
cessfully here without considerable capital over and above his 
farm stock. Without that, the farmer could do but little to¬ 
wards manuring, which is a great expense. I have been shown 
farms where the outlay for manure alone was equal to $50 per 
acre he first year. 
As an agricultural people, we are not thirty years behind the 
people here, and should 1 live to the common age of man, I ex¬ 
pect to see my country fully equal to any thing in Europe for 
the perfection of its agriculture. We have but to will, and 
it is done. Let us thoroughly work our own farms, be¬ 
stowing upon them all our care and attention, encourage 
agricultural societies and publications, and aim to make 
our dwellings pleasant, by spending an occasional hour -in 
ttie proper season, in planting around them trees and shrubs, 
and it will be but a few years before our country will present 
an appearance superior to any thing abroad, poets and tourists 
to the contrary notwithstanding. You see nowhere the same 
fife and activity in the landscape here, as you see with us It 
is generally one of sweet repose. You miss the numerous farm 
Rouses and comfortable barns and out houses, which are scat¬ 
tered thickly over the country with us, giving it the appear¬ 
ance of life and thriving industry. I am in favor of our fences, 
as compared to the hedges and ditches, which are used every¬ 
where here. I think a good rail fence is far more sightly than 
a great majority of the hedges in Ireland and this country. It 
is true, they may not look so beautiful to a stranger, unaccus¬ 
tomed to country life ; but 1 should feel far more secure if mv 
helds vvere enclosed with a good rail fence, than the best hedge 
which I have seen in this kingdom. At some time, I make no 
doubt, hedges will become necessary with us, and perhaps it 
is worthy of the attention of agricultural societies to endeavor 
to ascertain the best tree or shrub for quick fences. But when 
other materials are reasonably cheap, I would never trouble 
witn a hedge. 
In making butter and cheese, and preserving them in good 
condition for market, we are immeasurably behind the English, 
? nd , lndeed all the better parts of agricultural Europe. 
1 h i lv ? dev °t ed a good deal of time and attention to their butter 
X. ® u®r he , re ’ be en through some of the best dairy 
regions of Ireland and Great Britain ; and I am satisfied there 
is no good reason why we should not make as good as their 
best. I have examined the cheese, whieh has been sent over 
here from the United States, side by side with English and 
P at t ch * h , eese : son i e of i. l . ls acknowledged to be equal to their 
Iu St '.i.' A '^. ar8 ?. po L t ) 0 , n , u > however, is very poor, even worse 
orWelsh. There are two prominent defects which 
mi s ht be easily remedied; and that done, we might send a large 
quantity into this market, at a fair profit. At present, it is no use 
to ship cheese, because it cannot be sold at a remunerating 
price. One objection to our cheese is,that it is too thin and flaU 
They should be made in deeper hoops. A cheese weighing from 
twenty-five to thirty pounds, ought not to exceed thirteen inches 
in diameter, and should be from five to seven or even eight 
inches thick. It is an object with the people here to get as 
much as they can in as small a surface as possible. Our flat 
cheeses present quite too much outside for the weight Cheese 
weighing about forty pounds, when well cured, is the best size? 
and most preferred, and it should not be less’than six inched 
thick. Another defect is in the making and curing. Theyprefera 
rich mild flavored cheese,that will not crumble in cuttmg • ours 
is too strong of the rennet, and not as rich as it would be, if the 
™ r so , ld lcss butter. The whey should all be pressed out 
and the cheese well cured, so that it would keep its shape any 
Ume ‘ Gr r eat c F e should be taken to make all P of the 
In fine^f thp a f a Umf ° r ™ tast !: and appearance as possible. 
In fine, if the farmer wishes to have a ready market at home 
he must make his cheese deeper and narrower, and mild fla¬ 
vored, and it must be rich and well cured, and keep its shape 
shoL?ld'be r u r sed SS10n 1S; ^ n ° ne bUt the b6St Liv «P°°l salt 
I find I have no room left for remarks on butter, which npr 
haps your readers will not regret. I did not get up herein 
time to attend the Smithfield Cattle Show. Sincerely yours 
_ _—_____ C. Peters! 
Comparative Price of Wheat in England 4nd 
New-York.— It appears from a report lately made to the 
house of commons, that during the five consecutive years 
from 1834 to 1839, wheat was only one shilling and two 
pence higher in England than in New-York, the average 
per quarter at the two places being as follows • 6 
New-York,. 49s ! 10d> 
England, .... 51s. 
