28 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Above, we give a group of horses, copied from one of 
the London magazines, showing at a single view the dis¬ 
tinctive marks of the principal varieties of that noble ani¬ 
mal now existing in Great Britain. It shows the pony, 
both Welch (a) and Shetland, (p) the draft horse, (c) the 
hunter, ( d ) and the racer, (e.) 
The English race horse is unequaled for speed, power, 
and spirit; and from this stock the American race horse 
is derived. The excellence of this blood is clearly 
traced to the Barley and Godolphin Arabians; the first 
from the deserts of Palmyra, the last a Barb, but of ex¬ 
traordinary performance. The hunter, one of the most 
esteemed horses of England, as combining the qualities 
of speed and endurance, is a remove from the racer in 
the first degree; that is, they are what are called three- 
fourths bred. The best hunters are the product of a 
Cleveland mare, a first rate breed for all work, and a 
thorough bred horse. The best road or saddle horses 
are allied to the hunter, but more compactly built. The 
coach horse and light carriage horse are the product of 
the Cleveland mare and hunter of high blood. The 
lightest yet best of the English draft horses, is the Cleve¬ 
land; and the Suffolk, now nearly extinct, is also an 
excellent stock. The heavy Lincolnshire black exceeds 
all in size and power. The teams in the London brew¬ 
ers’ and distillers’ carts are of this breed. Most of them 
GROUP OF HORSES—(Fig. 10.) 
exceed seventeen hands in height. These horses have 
within a few years been much crossed with the Flanders 
breed, to their great improvement. The slow, elephan¬ 
tine black, of two and a half miles per hour, has been 
changed into a lighter but still powerful horse, that 
steps four miles per hour with perfect ease, and has at 
the same time more endurance. 
The difference between these large horses and the 
Welsh or Shetland ponies is so great, that it seems 
scarcely possible they should belong to the same species. 
The Welsh pony is a beautiful animal, and its strength, 
in proportion to its size, astonishing. Mr. Youatt states 
that one of these miniature horses, only nine hands high, 
carried a man of twelve stone forty miles in one day. 
Some of the Shetland ponies are very fine, but their size 
is still less than the Welsh breed. The writer of the 
article in the Magazine says that, in 1831, he measured 
a Shetland pony,the height of which at the shoulders was 
only thirty-four inches, and its length from between the 
ears to the insertion of the tail, following the curve of 
the neck and back, four feet two inches. It was a spirited 
and beautiful animal. The varieties of the English 
horse, arising from the mixture of these breeds, and of 
some brought from the continent, particularly the Nor¬ 
man horse, is innumerable, and varied as the fancy or 
the judgment of the breeder can make them. 
work is got up in the best style of the New-York press, 
and we doubt not will at once secure the favorable no¬ 
tice of the public. 
“THE VETERINARIAN.” 
We have received the October, November, and De¬ 
cember numbers of this capital journal, conducted by 
Mr. Youatt, the well known author of the great works 
on Cattle, Horses, and Sheep, published in London. 
These numbers are well filled with papers on the vari¬ 
ous diseases of animals, particularly the Epizootic,which 
is now producing such disastrous effects on cattle in 
England. Of one of these we shall hereafter give an 
abstract, in the department of the Cultivator devoted to 
such subjects. 
QUARTERLY JOURNAL of AGRICULTURE, No. 55. 
The leading paper of this number of this first agri¬ 
cultural journal of Great Britain, is an able article by 
Dr. Wilson, on the health of the laboring population 
of Kelso in Scotland. Then follows No. XI. of Dr. 
Duncan’s papers on “Insects most injurious to vegeta¬ 
tion and animals, and the means best calculated to coun¬ 
teract their ravages.” This series is a most valuable 
contribution to the history of those insects that in vari¬ 
ous forms detract so much from the profits of the hus¬ 
bandman. A large part of the No. is occupied with a 
detailed account of the great meeting of the Highland 
Agricultural Society of Scotland, at Berwick, in 1841. 
There is also a long and excellent paper by Dr. Madden, 
on the Effects of Draining, beside many others on minor 
topics. 
LONDON FARMERS’ MAGAZINE FOR DEC., 1841. 
The engravings in this capital journal, for the present 
month, are three South Down Rams from the celebrated 
flock of Mr. Webb of Brabraham. The South Downs 
brought out by Mr. Allen for Bishop Meade and Mr. 
Stevenson of Virginia, and Mr. Rotch of this State, are 
from this stock. It is but a short time since British 
farmers discovered there was such a thing as American 
agriculture or American agricultural journals, yet this 
number of the Magazine contains several papers from the 
Cultivator and other agricultural papers of this country. 
The Monthly Review of the Corn Trade in this work, is 
a good view of the grain markets of different parts of the 
world; but in the section devoted to the United States, 
there is sometimes a spice of bitterness which savors of 
illiberality, and might well be spared. 
SILLIMAN’S JONRNAL. 
The present number is rich in materials interesting to 
the friends of science, as well as to the general reader. 
The notes upon the “Geology of the Western States,” by 
Prof. Hall, are interesting, as showing the relative con¬ 
dition in the west, of the great transition formation of 
Western New-York. Prof. Hall found that some of 
the most important formations in New-York, the Onon¬ 
daga saliferous group for instance, which is in central 
New-York 1000 feet thick, entirely disappears at the 
Mississippi; while the Niagara limestone, which in cen¬ 
tral New-York has but a few feet of thickness, has ac¬ 
quired in Wiskonsan and Iowa, a depth of five or six 
hundred feet. The researches of Prof. Hall, have proved 
that the Niagara limestone is the same rock that contains 
the rich mineral deposites of the West, particularly of 
Wiskonsan and Missouri; and that it is in consequence, 
one of the most important rock strata of the United 
States. 
We are pleased to perceive that a suggestion made by 
us to the editors of this journal, respecting the yellow 
dust that accompanies summer showers, which has been 
attributed to varius sources, but which we have long con¬ 
sidered the pollen of forest trees, has led to an investiga¬ 
tion which has satisfactorily determined its character, 
and shown that our supposition was correct. In conse¬ 
quence of our suggestion, the editors sent a quantity of 
this yellow powder, that fell on the deck of a vessel in 
Pictou Harbor, N. S. and some received from Prof. Ea¬ 
ton of Troy, to Prof. Baily at West Point, who examined 
it with his powerful microscopes, and discovered at once 
that the powder from Pictou was the pollen of some spe¬ 
cies of pine, while that from Troy, was the pollen of 
various forest trees, the pine excluded. The figures 
given by Prof. B., in the Journal, exhibit admirably the 
peculiar form and variations of the pollen. 
The paper of Mr. Redfield on the great storm of De¬ 
cember 15th, with the accompanying diagrams, will show 
forcibly the nature and course of our severe storms. The 
student of botany will examine with pleasure the botani¬ 
cal excursion to the Mountains of North Carolina; and in 
the miscellaneous department there is much to instruct. 
Every lover of science should possess this Journal. 
“NORTHERN LIGHT.” 
We are gratified to learn from the last number of this 
ably conducted and popular periodical, that arrangements 
have been made for the continuance of the work on the 
same plan, and under the same editorial supervision as the 
present or first volume. The execution of the “ North¬ 
ern Light,” in both its literary and mechanical depart¬ 
ments, is excellent. Established on a plan that admits of 
free discussion on all the great questions of political 
economy; embracing valuable papers on the sciences 
and on agriculture; furnishing statistical records of the 
greatest value; and giving a place to articles of lighter 
literature that have distinguished merit to recommend 
them, the “ Northern Light” occupies an important po¬ 
sition, peculiar to itself, and interfering with none of the 
scientific, literary or agricultural journals of the day. 
Its distinctive features, and the distinguished ability with 
which it is conducted, have rendered the “Northern 
Light” a general favorite wherever it has found its way. 
We are pleased at the success which has attended this 
journal; it would have been a disgrace to our country, 
had such a periodical failed for want of a liberal support. 
AGRICULTURAL JOURNALS, &c. 
The United States Farmer and Journal of Ameri¬ 
can Institutes, is the title of a new monthly just com¬ 
menced in New-York, by S. Fleet, Esq. the original 
proprietor and editor of the old “ New-York Farmer,” 
which was discontinued some years since. Mr. Fleet 
has done much for the cause of agriculture in times past, 
and we wish him success in his renewed efforts in its be¬ 
half. The United States Farmer is issued monthly, 40 
pages 8 vo. at $2 a year. 
Central New-York Farmer. —We have before us 
the first number of a paper bearing this title, published 
at Rome, by H. N. Bill, and edited by Messrs. Johnson & 
Comstock. Though small it is filled with useful matter, 
and will doubtless prove a valuable acquisition to the 
farmer’s cause_16 pages octavo, at 50 cents a year. 
The Eastern Farmer and Journal of News, is 
the title of a a semi-monthly quarto sheet, at $1 a year, 
edited by F. O. J. Smith, just commenced at Portland, 
Maine. 
The Maine Farmer, published at Winthrop, has 
been greatly enlarged, and changed from a quarto to a 
folio, with the addition of “ Mechanic’s Advocate” to its 
title. Dr. E. Holmes, editor—weekly at $2 a year. A 
monthly sheet is to be issued, embracing the agricultural 
articles published in the weekly, at 50 cents a-year. 
The Farmer’s Monthly Visitor —A new volume, 
