36 
THE CULTIVATOR 
F* * ’ <Sk 'nSc«3s.'» J 
v v ,rw 
I „ |\u x ^ , \ 
K.II.P. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker— In compliance with 
your request, I have outlined and lettered the figure of 
an animal, for the convenience ef those who may be at 
some loss as to the whereabouts of certain points and 
parts frequently alluded to under terms which, it seems, 
are not always familiar to some of your readers. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —After reading the 
statements of several farmers in Hartford county, Ct., in 
the January number of the Cultivator, I concluded to 
give you an account of the income of my farm. I can¬ 
not give you an account of the current year, for my crops 
are not all sold. I will give you an account of the year 
ending in July, 1841. This statement is for cash receiv¬ 
ed for the produce raised on the farm, not including 
what was consumed by a family of six persons. I will 
offset that against my labor, for I “ either hold the plow 
or drive.” My farm contains eighty-five acres, includ¬ 
ing ten acres of wood land: it is divided into fifteen lots, 
feneed with stone wall. I keep three cows, two pair of 
oxen, a pair of horses, and three or four small cattle. 
I do not keep any account of the butter made from the 
cows; that is consumed or disposed of by my family. 
About the 20th May, I commence mowing my door yard, 
(which contains two acres,) for my oxen and horses, and 
it keeps them well until after harvest, when I turn them 
to pasture. In this statement, I have given the average 
price I received for the articles. The hay brought me 
from $10 to $15 the ton; the potatoes 31 cents to 40 cents 
the bushel; apples from $1 to $2 the barrel, &c. I have 
omitted the fractions, for the sake of brevity. 
RECEIPTS. 
Sold 36 tons of'hay, at $12,...$312 
820 bushels of potatoes, at 35 cents,. 287 
135 barrels of apples, $1 50 ,... 202 
414 bushels of cider apples, at 10 cents,. 41 
491 “ oats, at 44 cents,. 216 
2,350 lbs. pork, at 6 cents,.-. 141 
95 bushels of corn, at 69 cents,. 65 
36 “ rye, at 75 cents,. 27 
3 calves, . 12 
Poultry,. 10 
$1,403 
EXPENSES. 
Paid for labor,. $262 
“ manure,. 110 
“ lime,. 26 
“ gypsum,. 10 
‘‘ salt, for an experiment,. 10 
“ grass seed,. 27 
-- $445 
Profit,. $963 
Yours, &c. Tyler Fountain. 
Peekskill, N. Y., January, 1842. 
CULTURE OF INDIAN CORN, RUTA BAGAS, &c. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —I have raised the 
greatest crop of Indian corn this year that I ever raised. 
The com was very thick on the ground, and almost 
every stalk had an ear, very many two, and some three. 
I had between four and five acres, the half on stalk 
land, which looked as well as that on sod, until the dry 
weather came on. It had no manure this season, and 
was not near as good as the sod of course, but had over 
eighty bushels. On the sod, had over one hundred and 
thirty; and to my great astonishment, one acre had one 
hundred and forty-four bushels. I thought my men 
must have been mistaken in the measurement, and had 
them measure it all over the second time. The result 
was one hundred and sixty-nine and a half baskets, hold- 
ding near one and three-fourths bushels. 
My ruta bagas have been better, much better than last 
year, but not over half a crop—five hundred and fifty- 
six bushels. 
My sugar beets did remarkably well until the drouth, 
when they were attacked by some kind of fly, which 
deposited its eggs on the leaves, which soon hatched, 
producing a worm about one-fourth of an inch long, of 
a streaked yellow and black color, which commenced 
eating them off. This worm disappeared about the 
last of August, when the beets took another start, and 
yielded about what I consider half a crop—552 3-4 
bushels on an exact acre—the same land that I attempted 
to raise ruta bagas on last year, manured again, with 20 
explanation. 
A—Forehead. 
B—Face. 
C—Cheek. 
D—Muzzle. 
E—Neck. 
F—Neck vein. 
G—Shoulder point. 
H—Arm. 
I—Shank. 
K—Elbow. 
L—Brisket, bosom, or breast. 
M—Shoulder. 
N—Crops. 
O—Loin. 
P—Hip, hucks, hocks, or huckles 
Q—Crupper bone, or sacrum. 
It—Rump, or pin bone. 
S—-Round bone, thurl or whirl. 
T—Buttock. 
U—Thigh, or gaskit. 
V—Flank. 
W—Plates. 
X—Back, or chine. 
Y—Throat. 
Z—Hind quarter. 
a —Chest. 
b — Gambril or hock. 
I am aware that it is a meagre reply to your corres¬ 
pondent’s inquiry; but the fear of missing an opportunity 
by which I hope to forward the block, must be my apo¬ 
logy. Yours, &c., 
Francis Rotch. 
Butternuts, Otsego Co., N. Y., Dec. 1841. 
loads. I am not discouraged yet with the sugar beet, 
for I consider them the best crop for cattle that I raise. 
I last winter fed sixteen head of young cattle, (two year 
olds,) only 11-2 bushels of beets per day, thrown out 
in the yard, where they had a stack of straw to go to, 
which I kept renewing, so that they had plenty of that, 
and nothing else save the beets through the whole win¬ 
ter, only as they might by chance once in a while get a 
mouthful of hay or stalks, when they were let out to 
drink, which the cows and sheep had left; and I cer¬ 
tainly never saw any cattle feel better and look more 
healthy than they did in the spring. They would fight 
and play like the best of fat steers, and are now fat on 
grass. I think that some gentlemen expect too much 
from beets or other roots; they think to fat cattle, hogs, 
&e. on them as on corn, and because they are disap¬ 
pointed, they call sugar beets, &c. worthless. I think 
that beets or ruta bagas, given to cattle with a small 
quantity of meal, is excellent feed for fattening them, 
and for hogs, cooked and thickened with meal, so as to 
make a beet pudding, fats my pork well. They are ad¬ 
mirably adapted to the health of my flocks, and I con¬ 
sider an acre of beets, when a good yield, equal to four 
acres at least of good meadow, for wintering my stock, 
particularly milch cows. 
I had ninety-three bushels of Mercer potatoes from 
one-fourth of an acre, while on the same quantity of 
land, had but half as many pinkeyes. I suppose it was 
because the Mercers had come to maturity before the 
drouth affected them, being earlier. J. F. Osborn. 
Port Byron, N. Y., January, 1842. 
SALE OF CREAM POT CATTLE. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —I attended the late sale 
of Col. Jaques’ herd of the celebrated “ Cream Pot 
Cattle,” which took place at the «Ten Hills Stock 
Farm,” Charlestown, Mass., on the 11th inst. The 
weather was cold, raw, and unpleasant, which probably 
had the effect to dampen the feelings of those who at¬ 
tended for the purpose of making purchases. Conse¬ 
quently, the sale went off dull and languid, and very lit¬ 
tle competition or spirit was manifested on the occasion. 
From the celebrity which these cattle had obtained for 
their rich milking or butteraceous qualities, and from the 
fact of their being of a rich red color, most desired by 
our eastern and northern farmers, I had every reason to 
expect a large concourse on the ground, ready and wil¬ 
ling to patronise one who has labored so long and so 
ardently and so enthusiastically to establish “ a breed that 
would transmit the properties most desired for the dairy, 
the shambles, the yoke, &c.” How far the Col. has 
been remunerated, the auctioneer’s hammer has testi¬ 
fied. 
In the catalogue, it is asserted that this breed of cattle 
“are pronounced, by the best judges in this country, 
equal, if not superior, to any known.” Where were all 
these “best judges” on this occasion ? Why have they 
kept back 1 Why have they not come forward, and 
shown, by their deeds, a willingness to substantiate their 
assertions, and patronise this effort of an individual «to 
rear a race of animals combining, in a great degree, all 
these properties”—the dairy, the shambles, and the 
yoke ? “ Tell it not in Gath! publish it not in the streets 
of Askelon!” that this celebrated herd of Cream Pot 
cattle was struck off to the highest bidder, at an average 
of thirty-two dollars per head!! 
It was asserted on the ground at the sale, that $500 had 
been offered and refused for the cow, “ Betty;” and this, 
too, was the famous cow that had produced the extraor¬ 
dinary rich milk, the cream of which has been converted 
into butter in the twinkling of an eye, or forty seconds. 
The cows were clean and in good condition, and cer¬ 
tainly looked well for their keeping, which was said to 
be “ nothing but hay.” Their hair was sleek and glossy, 
skin loose and elastic, which w r as evidence of good 
health and condition. I regret I cannot say as much of 
the bulls and calves. With one or two exceptions, they 
were not in such condition as I expected to find them, 
and which operated in my opinion very much to depress 
the prices to so low a figure. 
“ Don” and “ Gem” appeared to be the Colonel’s fa¬ 
vorites, and well they might be, for they were noble 
animals, and far superior, in my humble opinion, to any 
of the others—they were Durhams, in red coats. In 
form and general appearance, as compared with the na¬ 
tive cattle of the country, they were certainly much su¬ 
perior; still I must beg leave to differ in opinion with 
my valued friend, A. B. Allen, that they were “ good 
Ayrshires,” although they were a cross of the Durhams 
on native stock. 
The Colonel certainly deserves great credit, to say the 
least, for making this attempt to rear a race of cattle, 
combining those much desired qualities, “ the dairy, the 
shambles, and the yoke;” and I could not help sympa¬ 
thizing with him, for he appeared dejected and disap¬ 
pointed on witnessing his favorite cattle sacrificed, his 
hopes blighted, and his darling project frustrated. 
C. N. Bement. 
Three Hills Farm, January 4, 1842. 
CULTURE OF INDIAN CORN. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —Permit me to give 
you a statement of the management and produce of one 
acre of land: it was pasture, which had laid two.or three 
years, manured and plowed in the month of November, 
harrowed in the spring, and plowed three times; plant¬ 
ed with corn about the 20th of May; rows about three 
and a half feet apart; two grains in a hill, about one foot 
apart. 
expense of cultivating. 
Manure, about.$10 00 
Plowing first time,. 2 00 
Plowing three times, and harrowing, 6 00 
Planting, . 1 50 
Hoeing three times,. 6 00 
Cutting up and husking,. 8 50 
- $34 00 
PRODUCE. 
185 bushels of ears of com, at 25 cents 
per bushel,. $46 25 
Stalks, about..,. 15 00 
$61 25 
The corn is of first rate quality, weighing nearly 60 
lbs. to the bushel. It would have been a pleasure to 
have known how many bushels of shelled corn there 
would have been; but as I have adopted the principle 
of feeding out grain, rather than disposing of it to be 
made into whiskey, I have had some of it ground with 
the cob, being more economical. A. W. Nurse. 
Cazenovia, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1842. 
WEIGHT OF FIVE PIGS. 
Editors of the Cultivator— I herewith enclose 
the weight of five pigs of one litter, which I killed on 
the 13th inst. They were from a Chester county sow, 
by James Thornton’s (of Byberry) celebrated Berk¬ 
shire boar, and were pigged the 23d day of 5th mo., 
which makes them exactly twenty-nine weeks old. Even 
at the extremely low price of pork at present in our 
market, I would be amply repaid for all the grain they 
have consumed, being considerably less than fifty bush¬ 
els, including corn, oats, and broom corn seed. 
Their weight, when dressed, was as follows: 
No. 1,. 244 lbs. 
No. 2,. 232 
No. 3,. 213 
No. 4,. 182 3-4 
No. 5,. 177 
1,048 3-4 
Making the average of 209 3-4 lbs. 
Yours, &c. Wm. H. Howell. 
Sunny Side Farm, Montgomery Co., Pa., 12 th mo., 1841. 
IMPROVEMENT IN SHINGLING. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —Some months ago, one 
of your correspondents recommended, as a means of in¬ 
creasing the durability of oak shingles, the dipping the 
point of the nail in white lead, ground in oil; but a 
method of putting on oak shingles, commonly called lap 
shingles, has been adopted by some of our neighbors, 
which they think superior to all others. The shingles 
are placed in the same manner that lap shingles usually 
are, but instead of driving the nail in the butt, it is 
driven in the middle of the shingle, so that the butt of 
the next shingle covers the head of the nail, and pro¬ 
tects it, and the wood round it, from the weather. Some 
may think the butt of the shingle will rise with the 
action of the sun; but if it should, it will still be fast in 
the middle, and will come down again in wet weather; 
the nail head being protected from wet, the wood will 
not rot round it, and it will remain firm as long as the 
shingle lasts, while those nailed at the butt are liable 
either to draw out the nail, or the nail head draws 
through, thus leaving the shingle loose. A saving of 
expense is also effected by the proposed method, as 
smaller nails will answer to nail the shingle in the mid¬ 
dle. J. B. 
Brownsville, Pa., 12th mo. 30, 1841. 
FARM REPORT. 
