76 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES, 
As Estimated by Mr. Ellsworth, for 1841.—Table I. 
States, <fcc. 
Popula¬ 
tion 1840. 
Bushels 
wheat. 
Bushels 
barley. 
Bushels 
oats. 
Bushels 
rye. 
Bus. buck 
wheat. 
Bushels In¬ 
dian corn. 
Bushels po¬ 
tatoes. 
Tons of 
hay. 
T's flax 
& hemp. 
1 
Maine,. 
501,973 
987,412 
360,267 
1,119,425 
143,458 
53,020 
988,549 
10,912,821 
713,285 
40 
2 
New-Hampshire, 
284,574 
426,816 
125,964 
1,312,127 
317,418 
106,301 
191,275 
6, 573,405 
505,217 
28 
3 
Massachusetts, • 
737,699 
189, 571 
157,903 
1,276,491 
509,205 
91,273 
1,905,273 
4,947, 805 
617,663 
9 
4 
Rhode-Island,- •• 
108,830 
3,407 
69,139 
188,668 
37,973 
3,276 
471,022 
1,003,170 
69,881 
h 
5 
Connecticut, •••• 
309,978 
95,090 
31,594 
1,431,454 
805,222 
334,008 
1,521,191 
3,002,142 
497,204 
45 
6 
Vermont,-- 
291,948 
512,461 
55,243 
2,601,425 
241,061 
231,122 
1,167,219 
9,112,008 
924,379 
31 
7 
New-York,. 
2,428,921 12,309,041 
2,301,041 
21,896,205 
2,723,241 
2,325,911 
11,441,256 
30,617,009 
3,472,118 
1,508 
S 
New-Jersey, •••• 
373,306: 919,043 
13,009 
3,745,061 
1,908,984 
1,007,340 
5,134,366 
2,486,482 
401, 833 
2,197 
9 
Pennsylvania, -• 
1,724,033 12,872,219 
203,858 
20,872,591 
6,942,643 
2,485,132 
14,969,472 
9,747,343 
2,004,162 
2,987 
10 
Delaware, . 
78,085! 317,105 
5,119 
937,105 
35,162 
13,127 
2,164, 507 
213,090 
25,007 
54 
11 
Maryland,. 
470,019 3,747,652 
3,773 
2,827,365 
671,420 
80,966 
6,998,124 
827,363 
87,351 
507 
12 
Virginia, . 
1,239,797 10,010 105 
83,025 
12,962,103 
1,317, 574 
297,109 
33, 987,255 
2,889,265 
367,602 
26,141 
13 
North Carolina,- 
753,419 
2, 183,026 
4,208 
3,832,729 
256,765 
18,469 
24,116,253 
3,131,086 
111,571 
10,705 
14 
South Carolina, • 
594,398 
963, 162 
3,794 
1, 374, 562 
49,064 
85 
14,987,474 
2,713,425 
25,729 
15 
Georgia, . 
691,392 
1,991, 162 
12,897 
1,525, 623 
64,723 
642 
21,749,227 
1,644,235 
17,507 
13 
16 
Alabama, . 
590,756 
869,554 
7, 941 
1,476,670 
55, 558 
60 
21, 594, 354 
1,793,773 
15,353 
7 
17 
Mississippi, •••• 
375,651 
305,091 
1,784 
697,235 
11,978 
69 
5,985,724 
1,705,461 
604 
21 
18 
Louisiana,. 
35‘2, 411 
67 
109,425 
1; 897 
Oj 14/ 
O l uDo 
19 
Tennessee,. 
829,210 
4, 873,584 
5,197 
7,457,818 
322,579 
19,145 
46, 285,359 
2,018,632 
33,106 
3,724 
20 
Kentucky,. 
779, S2S 
4,096,113 
16, 860 
6,825,974 
1,652,108 
9,669 
40,787,120 
1,279,519 
90,360 
8,827 
21 
Ohio,. 
1,519,467 
17,979,647 
245,905 
15, 995,112 
854,191 
666,641 
35,452,161 
6,004,183 
1,112, 651 
9,584 
22 
Indiana, . 
685,366 
5,282,864 
33,618 
6,606,086 
162,026 
56,371 
33,195,108 
1,830,952 
1,213,634 
9,110 
23 
Illinois,. 
476,183 
4,026,187 
102,926 
6,964,410 
114,656 
69,549 
23, 424,474 
2, 633, 156 
214,411 
2,143 
24 
Missouri,. 
383,102 
1, 110, 542 
11,515 
2,580,641 
72,144 
17,135 
19,725,146 
815,259 
57,204 
20, 547 
25 
Arkansas, . 
97,574 
2,132,030 
950 
236, 941 
7,772 
110 
6,039,450 
367,010 
695 
1, 545 
26 
Michigan, . 
212,267 
2,896,721 
151,263 
2,915,102 
42,306 
127,504 
3,058,290 
2,911,507 
141,525 
944 
27 
Florida Ter.- 
54, 477 
624 
50 
13,561 
320 
694,205 
271,105 
1,045 
28 
WiskonsanTer.- 
30,945 
297,541 
14,529 
511,527 
2,342 
13,525 
521,244 
454,819 
35,603 
3 
29 
Iowa Ter.. 
43,112 
234,115 
1,342 
301,498 
4, 675 
7, S73 
1,547,215 
261,306 
19,745 
459 
30 
Dist. Columbia,- 
43,712 
10,105 
317 
12, 694 
5,009 
312 
43,725 
43,725 
1,449 
17,069,453 
91,642,907 
5,024,731 
130,607,623 
19,333,474 
7,953,544 
387,380,185 
113,183,619 
12,804,705 
101,1811 
Pounds 
toba-cco. 
87, 
547, f 
75 
264 
1,955 
454 
694 
710 
9S4 
2,566 
415,908 
365 
26,152,810 
79,450,192 
20,026,830 
69,524 
175,411 
286,976 
155,307 
129,517 
35,168,040 
56,678,674 
6,486,164 
2,375, 365 
863,623 
10,749,454 
185,548 
2,249 
74,963 
311 
9,616 
59,578 
Pounds of 
cotton. 
352 
5,484 
2,40', 117 
34,437,581 
43,927,171 
116,514,211 
84, 854, 118 
148,504, 395 
112,511,263 
20,872,433 
607,456 
165 
196,231 
132,109 
7,038,186 
6,009,201 
Pounds 
of rice. 
3,084 
3,324,132 
66,897,224 
13,417,209 
156,469 
861,711 
3,765,541 
8,455 
16,S48 
598 
65 
5,9S7 
495,625 
lbs. silk 
cocoons 
Pounds of 
sugar. 
527 
692 
19,843 
745 
93,611 
5,684 
3,425 
3,116 
17,324 
2,963 
5,677 
5, 341 
4,929 
4,792 
6,185 
4,902 
158 
881 
5,724 
3,405 
6,278 
496 
2,345 
169 
171 
984 
376 
25 
916 
263,592 
169,519 
496,341 
55 
56, 372 
5,119,264 
11,102,070 
67 
2,894,016 
39,892 
1,557,206 
8,924 
31,461 
357,611 
10,650 
127 
83,189,315 
275,557 
1,409,172 
7,109,423 
3,914,184 
415,756 
327,165 
2,147 
1,894,372 
269,146 
147,816 
51,425 
126,164,644 125,715 
Gallons 
wine. 
2,349 
104 
207 
801 
1,924 
109 
5,162 
9,311 
16,115 
296 
7,763 
13,504 
31,572 
671 
8,117 
354 
17 
2,911 
692 
2,261 
11,122 
10,77S 
616 
27 
32 
TABLE IL—CENSUS STATISTICS OF VARIOUS ARTICLES FOR 1839, NOT EMBRACED IN TABLE I. 
17 
21 
LIVE STOCK. 
States, &.c. 
Pounds of 
Pounds of 
Pounds 
wool. 
hops. 
wax. 
Horses & 
Neat cat- 
Sheep. 
Swine. 
mules. 
tie. 
Maine,. 
1, 
465,551 
36, 
940 
3,723.; 
59,208 
327,255 
649,264 
117,386 
New-Hampshire, 
1, 
260,517 
243, 
425 
1,345 
43,892 
275,562 
617,390 
121,671 
Massachusetts, - 
941,906 
254, 
796 
1,196 
61,484 
282,574 
378, 226 
143,221 
Rhode-Island, - - 
183,830 
113 
165 
8, 024 
36,891 
90,146 
30, 659 
Connecticut,- 
889,870 
4, 
573 
3,897 
34,650 
238,650 
403,462 
131,961 
Vermont, . 
3, 
699,235 
48, 
137 
4,660 
62,402 
384, 341 
i 
681,819 
203,800 
New-York,. 
9, 
845,295 
447, 
250 
52,795 
474,543 
1 
911,244 
6 
118,777 
L 
900,065 
New-Jersey,. 
Pennsylvania, - •• 
Delaware,. 
397,207 
4, 
531 
10,061 
70,502 
220,202 
219,285 
261,443 
3, 
04S,564 
49, 
481 
33,107 
365,129 
1 
172,665 
1 
767,620 
i, 
503,964 
64,404 
746 
1,088 
14, 421 
53,883 
39,247 
74,228 
Maryland, . 
Virginia, . 
488,201 
2 
357 
3,674 
92,220 
225,714 
357,922 
416,943 
2 
538, 374 
10 
597 
65, 020 
326,438 
1 
024,148 
1 
293,772 
i 
992,155 
North Carolina,- 
625,044 
1 
063 
118,923 
166,60S 
617,371 
538,279 
649,716 
South Carolina, • 
299,170 
93 
15,857 
129,921 
572,60S 
232,981 
i 
979,532 
Georgia,. 
371,303 
773 
19,799 
157,540 
884,414 
267,107 
457,755 
Alabama,. 
220,353 
825 
25,226 
143,147 
668,018 
163,243 
i 
423,873 
Mississippi,. 
Louisiana,. 
175, 196 
154 
6,835 
109,227 
623,197 
128,367 
i 
001,209 
49,283 
115 
1,012 
99,888 
381,248 
98,072 
323,220 
Tennessee,. 
1 
060,332 
850 
50, 907 
341,409 
822,851 
741,593 
2 
926,607 
Kentucky,!. 
Ohio,.. • • • • 
I 
7S6,847 
742 
38,445 
395,853 
7S7,098 
1 
008,240 
2 
310,533 
3 
685,315 
67 
195 
38,950 
430,527 
1 
217, 874 
2 
,028,401 
2 
099,746 
Indiana, * ■ .. 
1 
237,919 
38 
591 
30,647 
241,036 
619,9S0 
675,992 
1 
623,608 
Illinois,.. 
650,007 
17 
742 
29,173 
199,235 
626,274 
395,672 
1 
495,254 
Missouri,. 
562,265 
7S9 
56, 461 
7 ; 079 
196,032 
61^472 
433,875 
188,786 
348,018 
42,151 
1 
271,161 
393,058 
Arkansas, •••••• 
Michigan, . 
153,375 
11 
381 
4, 533 
30,144 
165,190 
99/618 
295,S90 
Florida Ter. - 
7, 285 
75 
12,043 
118, 181 
7,198 
92,680 
Wiskonsan Ter.- 
6,777 
133 
1,474 
5,735 
30,269 
3,462 
51,383 
Iowa Ter.. 
23,039 
83 
2,132 
10,794 
38,049 
15, 354 
104,899 
Dist. Columbia,- 
707 
28 
44 
2,145 
3,274 
706 
4, 613 
35 
S02,114 
1,238 
502 
628,3031 
4,335,669 
14 
,971,586 
19 
.311,374 
26 
301,293 
kinds, esti- 
Value of the 
products of 
the dairy. 
$123,171 
107,092 
178,157 
61,702 
176,629 
131,578 
1,153,413 
336,953 
685,801 
47,265 
218,765 
754. 698 
544,125 
396,364 
449,623 
404,994 
369,4S2 
283,559 
606,969 
536,439 
551,193 
357,594 
309,204 
270,647 
109,468 
82,730 
61,007 
16,167 
16,529 
3,092 
9,344.410 
Value of the 
products of 
the orchard. 
$1,496,902 
1,638,543 
2,373,299 
223,229 
1,376,534 
2,008,737 
10,496,021 
1,328,032 
3,187,292 
113,828 
457,466 
1,480,488 
674,349 
577,810 
605,172 
265,200 
359,585 
153,069 
472,141 
931,363 
1, 848, S69 
742,269 
428,175 
100,432 
59,205 
301,052 
23,094 
35,677 
23,609 
5,566 
33,787,008 
$149,384 
239,979 
389,177 
32,098 
296,232 
213,944 
1,701,935 
464,006 
618,179 
28,211 
105,740 
705,765 
386,006 
52,275 
156,122 
55,240 
14,458 
11,769 
367,105 
434,935 
475,271 
110,055 
126,756 
90,878 
10,680 
16,075 
1,035 
37 
50 
3,507 
7,256,904 
Value of 
tome made 
or family 
goods. 
GARDENS. 
NURSERIES. 
Value of pro- 
duceof market 
gardeners. 
Value of pro¬ 
duce of nurse¬ 
ries & florists. 
No.of men 
employed. 
Capital 
invested. 
$804,397 
$51,579 
$460 
689 
$84,774 
538,303 
18,085 
35 
21 
1,460 
231,942 
283,904 
111,814 
292 
43,170 
51,180 
67,741 
12,604 
207 
240,274 
226,162 
61,936 
18,114 
202 
126,346 
674,548 
16,276 
5,600 
48 
6,677 
4,636, 547 
499,126 
75,980 
525 
258,55S 
201,625 
249,613 
26,167 
1,233 
125,116 
1,303,093 
232,912 
50,127 
1,156 
857,475 
62,116 
4,035 
1,120 
9 
1,100 
176,050 
133,197 
10, 591 
619 
48, 841 
2,441,672 
92,359 
36,799 
173 
19,900 
1,413,242 
28,475 
48,5S1 
20 
4,663 
930,703 
38,187 
2,139 
1,058 
210,980 
1,467,630 
19,346 
1,853 
418 
9,213 
1,656,119 
31,978 
370 
85 
58,425 
682,945 
42,896 
499 
66 
43,060 
65, 190 
240,042 
32,415 
349 
359,711 
2,886,661 
19,812 
71,100 
34 
10,760 
2, 622,462 
25,071 
6, 226 
350 
109,597 
1,S53, 937 
97,606 
19,707 
149 
31,400 
1,289, 802 
61,212 
17,231 
309 
73,626 
993,667 
71,911 
22,990 
77 
17,515 
1,149,544 
37,181 
6,205 
97 
37,075 
489,750 
2,736 
415 
8 
6,036 
113,955 
4,051 
6,307 
37 
24,273 
20,205 
11,758 
10 
60 
6,500 
12,567 
3.106 
1,025 
89 
85, 616 
25,966 
2,170 
4,200 
10 
1,693 
1,500 
52,895 
850 
163 
42,933 
29,023,380 
2,601,196 
593,534 
8, 553 
2,945,774 
STATISTICS—STATE OF THE COUNTRY. 
A knowledge of the products of the country, their se¬ 
parate values, the relation they bear to each other, the 
number of persons employed in each department of in¬ 
dustry, and the various results arising from each, would 
seem requisite to all who would understand the true 
condition of the nation, or of each individual interest. 
Above, we give a general report of the productive 
wealth of the country, so far as the earth is concerned; 
and we now give some tables, most of which we find 
prepared to our hand by the accurate and indefatigable 
editor of the Tribune, which will show more fully than 
the former the relative values of these several products. 
Without such condensed tables, it is difficult to approxi¬ 
mate to the truth in such matters; and the interest that 
makes the most noise, or the product that is kept most 
constantly before the public eye, is very apt to assume 
an undue importance in the estimate of productive in¬ 
dustry, or the aggregate of a nation's wealth. Labor in 
some form, either in the production of the raw material, 
its manufacture, or its exchanges, is the only source of 
wealth; and it is time that this great truth was universal¬ 
ly felt and acknowledged. The proceeds of labor in the 
United States, according to the last census, may be stated 
as ows^culture, . $694,453,000 
Manufactures,. 395,300,000 
Mines, . 59,868,000 
Forests,. 17,615,000 
Fisheries,. 11,206,000 
Horticulture,. 3,119,000 
$1,282,041,000 
This is truly a surprising product, but there is no rea¬ 
son to believe it is overrated; if erroneous, the error 
most likely lies the other way. An annual product from 
these departments of labor, of thirteen hundred millions 
of dollars, one-half of which belongs to agriculture. 
Suppose we examine for a moment some of the items 
of this aggregate. 91 million bushels of wheat, 387 
million bushels of corn. No one can estimate the value 
of these two items at less than 250 millions of dollars. 
Cotton comes next, to the amount of 64 millions of dol¬ 
lars. And here we may remark, that in the estimates 
made of the product of American labor, cotton is always 
placed at the head; and why? Not because of its actual 
value, but because other nations are graciously pleased 
to permit us at the present time to export the article; 
and hence the word cotton is continually before the eye. 
One fact will show that the relative position of cotton 
in the scale of value is wrong. The cotton crop “ is 
less than one-twelfth part of the agricultural production 
of the United States; less than one-sixth part of the ma¬ 
nufacturing products, and less than one-twentieth part 
of the annual production of the United States.” In ac¬ 
tual value to the country, both wheat and corn are be¬ 
fore cotton; and this fact should not be forgotten by po¬ 
litical economists. 
Cotton,. $64,142,000 
Total of agriculture,. 694,000,000 
Total of manufactures,. 434,000,000 
The difference in the estimate of manufactures in this 
and the first table given is owing to the fact, that the 
product of iron is placed under the head of mines; when 
it should, with the exception of the value of the ore, 
have been placed to the credit of manufactures. It may 
be well in this place to give a few of the most impor¬ 
tant items of manufactures as shown by the census, as it 
will afford the means of comparing them with those al¬ 
ready given of agriculture. 
Cotton goods,.$46,350,000 Soap,. 
Woolen, . 20,696,000 Candles, • 
pi ax ,. 822,000 Sugar, - ••• 
Mixed. 6,555,000 Paper, •••• 
Machinery,. 10,980,000 Furniture, 
Hardware, . 6,451,000 Cordage, 
Leather, . 38,176,000 
Hats and caps, ••• 8,704,000 
A "-lance at our products will show that we have all 
the elements of independence and national prosperity 
among ourselves; and the fact of our indebtedness to 
other nations shows a disgraceful disregard to the most 
common principles of economy, or the encouragement 
of home industry. With such vast agricultural resour¬ 
ces, with such an amount of the products of the soil, 
with the means of increasing these products to any ex¬ 
- $2,400,000 
. 2,687,000 
. 3,250,000 
. 6,155,000 
. 7,552,000 
. 4,078,000 
Iron, bar & castings, 39,316,000 
tent, is it not astonishing that our imports so much ex¬ 
ceed our exports? Is it not strange that instead of pay¬ 
ing our foreign debts in our own agricultural products, 
and purchasing foreign goods in the same way, we al¬ 
low ourselves to be drained of the precious metals, our 
currency deranged, and our prosperity seriously endan¬ 
gered! These things would be strange, were not the 
cause one which cannot be mistaken. It is useless to 
deny that we are hewers of wood and drawers of water 
to the manufacturers of other nations, and made so by 
their protective and restrictive systems. Confident in 
our capabilities and our resources, we have pushed our 
free trade principles to the verge of absurdity, if not of 
ruin; we have found that the free trade of the old world 
is like the handle of a jug—all on one side; that preach¬ 
ing such doctrines is a very different thing from prac¬ 
ticing them; and that some system of reciprocity must 
be adopted, or the pressure and suffering the country is 
now experiencing must continue. All that Americans 
ask is equality of rights, a reciprocity in trade; that 
others would do by us as we are doing by them. That 
such is not the fact, the following table, showing the 
rate of duties charged on our principal articles of pro¬ 
duct in Great Britain, (and they are equally exorbitant 
in other European countries,) will prove; while at the 
same time their products, paying a duty merely nominal, 
are forced upon us by ship loads. Such a state of things 
cannot continue. Nations are like individuals—they are 
indeed only an aggregate of individuals; and the same 
train of causes that produce the ruin of the one will ef¬ 
fect that of the other. 
ty on wheat,. 
100 pr. ct. 
Duty on hay,. 
115pr. ct 
do. 
Indian corn, 
200 
do. 
do. 
cotton, •••• 
6 
do. 
do. 
oats, . 
300 
do. 
do. 
rice, . 
150 
do. 
do. 
barley, rye 
do. 
tobacco, • • 
900 
do. 
& buckwheat, 
200 
do. 
do. 
timber, ave 
do. 
potatoes, •• 
150 
do. 
rage, 250 
do. 
do. 
beef, • 
150 
do. 
do. 
sugar, • ••• 
250 
do. 
do. 
pork,. 
150 
do. 
do. 
whiskey, •• 
2500 
do. 
do. 
butter, •••• 
50 
do. 
do. 
fish, prohibited. 
do. 
cheese, •••• 
50 
do. 
do. 
fruit, averagelOO 
do. 
One moment’s attention to the facts of the case will 
disclose the real cause of the distress under which this 
country is laboring. It is the want of reciprocity; the 
widely different footing on which we and other nations 
9 
