174 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
made in implements of husbandry, the Threshing Machine may 
be named as an instance. Our ancestors used the hail or hor¬ 
ses to beat out their grain, which, to say the least, was a slow 
and tedious operation; but thanks to modern invention, a ma¬ 
chine has been invented, moved by horse power, that threshes 
out as much,and more eli'ectually, grain in one day, than one man 
could in thirty days, with the flail. We now have a machine 
that will not only thresh, but deliver the grain ready for the mill 
or market, in the open field, without any loss in the operation. 
On a careful examination of the different machines offered, 
and on trial, the committee did not hesitate to award the Soci¬ 
ety's first premium of $20, to John A. Pitts, of Albany, for his 
Threshing Machine and Separator. 
This is considered by the committee, as well as by those who 
have had it in use, a very perfect machine; and the growers of 
wheat are much indebted to Mr. Pitts, for his perseverance in 
constructing and perfecting a machine that will thresh and 
clean, with less labor, as much grain in a day, with the same 
power, as any that has yet been introduced. 
The second premium of $10, we award to Mr. Stafford, of Sy¬ 
racuse. 
This machine exhibited great skill and finished workmanship, 
and from its appearance and operation, well calculated for do¬ 
ing a great business. The horse power, we consider well worthy 
attention, being constructed on correct principles, and of the 
best materials. The thresher, also exhibited good workman¬ 
ship, and finished in good style, and its performance very satis¬ 
factory. 
On small farms, where a one or two horse power is desira¬ 
ble, the committee cannot resist the opportunity of recommend¬ 
ing the two horse power presented by Leonard Bostwiek, of 
New-York, as a valuable portable and well constructed imple¬ 
ment, and at the low price which it is offered, comes within 
reach of the more numerous and humble farmer; we therefore 
award to Mr. Bostwiek, a diploma. 
The Endless Chain Power, presented by Mr. Kells, of Clave- 
rack, was much admired for its workmanship, and presented 
some improvements on Davis' machine, but there appeared too 
great a disproportion between the power and the speed of the 
thresher, r insure perfect work. Where a power on this prin¬ 
ciple is wanted, ave do not hesitate to recommend it as well 
worthy of attention; and had we funds at our disposal, would 
award Mr. Kells a premium. 
Agriculture, hitherto, compared with manufactures and the 
mechanic arts, has derived until recently, little or no advantage 
from labor-saving machinery. The farmer is literally compelled 
'to earn his bread “ by the sweat of his brow,” and whatever in¬ 
vention may contribute to abridge his toil and enable him, at a 
less expense, to extend his productions, must be a welcome 
auxiliary; by multiplying the means of human subsistence and 
comfort, will prove benelicial'lo the community, and encourage 
the hard working laborious farmer with the hope of keeping in 
sight, in his own art, the “ art of all arts," though at an humble 
distance, of the other rapidly advancing inventions of the age. 
The committee are constrained to mention with approbation, 
the evident improvement made within the last year, in the con¬ 
struction of straw cutters; there being great competition in 
that article by fifteen different makers, several of which we are 
gratified to say, are from neighboring states, and afforded at 
prices ranging from five to fifty dollars. The committee found 
great difficulty in determining the superiority of several ma¬ 
chines, and have been influenced in their decision, in several 
cases, by their preference to those machines which work on the 
side, rather than on the front, whereby one person can feed and 
operate them at the same time; which decision rejects several 
of great ingenuity of construction, and perfection of operation. 
They have endeavored to prefer those which by their arrange¬ 
ment and construction, seem best adapted to the wants of the 
farming community ; they have therefore awarded the first pre¬ 
mium of eight dollars, to Win. Hovey, of Worcester, Mass. 
The second premium of $5, to J. Standish, of Fishkili, Dutch¬ 
ess co. N. Y., for his Guillotine Cutter. 
To Messrs. Botts & Burfoot, of Richmond, Va. a diploma. 
This machine was exhibited under rather unfavorable cir¬ 
cumstances, having beeu injured some by transportation. The 
advantages of this machine, as set forth by the proprietors, in 
their statement, are as follows : “ The extreme simplicity of 
the knife, it being only 4 1-2 inches wide, and straight on the 
edge, putting it in the power of any laborer to grind it and set 
it on again. The peculiar management by which the 11 draw- 
.cwt” is obtained with a straight blade; the rapidity and ease 
■with which the straw is cut, discharging as much or more than 
any other machine which cuts as short as this ; the great strength 
and durability of the whole machine; no liability to get out of 
order; the great excellency of the feeding apparatus, and the 
ease and rapidity with which it is driven, it being in the power 
of a boy to cut sufficient straw or hay for a large herd, Ac.” 
The committee ava'il themselves of the present opportunity 
of recommending this machine to their southern friends, as be¬ 
ing in their opinion, a very efficient machine, and well adapted 
to cutting hay, straw, and corn stalks, and earnestly hope the 
enterprising proprietors may receive that encouragement they 
so richly deserve. 
There were two machines, one for hand, the other for horse 
power, presented from the well known and popular establish¬ 
ment of the Messrs, it. Sinclair Jr. & Co. of Baltimore. These 
machines are made in a workmanlike manner, combining some 
important improvements, great strength and power, and well 
adapted to large establishments; have been long in use and 
much approved of, and had we funds at our disposal, would 
most willingly award them a premium. For the horse power 
machine, tiiey are entitled to a diploma. 
The committee cannot pass over in silence, the new con¬ 
structed and very ingenious machine, presented by Mr. Kells, 
of Claveraek. This machine embraced some new principles in 
the feeding apparatus, by which means the cut from 0 to g inches 
could be effected by merely raising a small bolt or slide. It also 
compressed the substance to be cut, nearly into a solid mass to 
receive the knife, by which means the straw was cut square and 
clean, and the greatest objection to it was the slowness of its 
operation, having but one knife. With an additional knife, we 
think it would be a very efficient machine. It has been got up 
in good stvle, and reflects great credit on the inventor and ma¬ 
ker, and worthy encouragement. 
There were other very meritorious machines on the ground, 
but the committee have not had time to enumerate and describe 
^The Horse Rake is generally considered a great labor saving 
and important implement on most farms, and a most valuable 
invention, and its utility has exceeded the expectations of ma¬ 
ny; and that on tolerable smooth meadows, a man with one 
horse, will rake as much hay, and do it in as clean a manner, 
as eight men can do it in an equal time with the hand rake. 
The committee regret that, there was so little competition, 
there being only two implements of this description exhibited : 
and as there was no improvement manifested on the common 
horse rake, which has been long in use, the committee have 
thought proper to withhold the first premium; but in considera¬ 
tion of the superior workmanship, have awarded a premium of 
$3, to J. Downer, of Castleton, Reus. co. N. Y. 
To Lewis Stiman, of Bethlehem, for the second best horse 
rake, a diploma. 
The committee next examined the Fanning Mills, four of 
which were entered for competition. The one exhibited by 
Messrs. I. E. Grant <fc Co. of Schaghticoke, Reus. co. has been 
got up with great care and superior workmanship; and by a pe¬ 
culiar arrangement of the screens, it appeared to combine some 
improvement over the ordinary machines ; the committee there¬ 
fore have awarded them the first premium of $8. 
The second premium of $5, to Phineas W. Dickie, of Phelps, 
N. Y. for a mill of good construction and great power, combining 
some valuable improvements, and well adapted for a large 
grain growing country. 
The committee recommend a diploma to John J. Bullock, of 
Guilderland, Albany co. for a well finished and well constructed 
machine, well adapted to this section. 
In concluding this report, the'eommittee avail themselves of 
this opportunity to express their great satisfaction at the pre¬ 
sent exhibition, and earnestly hope at the next and all future 
meetings of this society, the mechanics and manufacturers of 
the country, would bring forward the productions of their in¬ 
genuity and industry, which so much contributed to make the 
exhibition as interesting and satisfactory as those of any other 
country. _At the meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of 
England, in July last, between four and five hundred articles of 
Agricultural implements and machinery were exhibited. 
Those persons who have been accustomed to follow the same 
course of husbandry which their fathers and grandfathers 
adopted, have formed the opinion that little is to be learned up¬ 
on this subject. It is difficult to make them comprehend that 
this art involves principles as extensive, and as hard to be un¬ 
derstood, as any other art which can occupy the attention of 
men. They never considered that agriculture is an important 
branch of Natural Philosophy; nor have they ever attempted to 
understand the nature of different soils ; the regular and syste¬ 
matic rotation of crops ; improved modes of tillage ; the differ¬ 
ent breeds of cattle, sheep, and swine; and the different kinds 
and qualities of fruit and fruit trees, vegetables, Ac.; and yet 
they are subjects which the skilful farmer will deem necessary 
to understand, and he will devote his attention to them, as the 
study of an important and difficult science. All of which is re¬ 
spectfully submitted by C. N. DEMENT, Ch’n. 
CULTIVATORS. 
1. By Eliakim Elmer, Delta. Diploma. 
2. R. Sinclair Jr. A Co., Baltimore, Md. 
3. Calvin Olds, Marlboro, Yt 
4. W. Thorburn, Albany, “ Schenectady.” 
5. Buggies, Nourse A Mason, Worcester, Mass., “Bement’s.” 
Second Premium 
6. Jos. H. Coous, Brunswick. First Premium. 
HARROWS. 
1. By Christopher Proctor, Bethlehem. Second Premium. 
2. Joseph H. Coons, Brunswick. 
3 A 4. Daniel Caley, Bethlehem. Diploma. 
5. Marcus Adams, Adams’Basin. First Premium. 
PLANTING AND SOWING MACHINES. 
1. By Lewis Stiman, Bethlehem. 
2. Calvin Olds, Marlboro, Vt. Diploma. 
OX YOKES. 
1. By Winthrop Phelps, Chatham. 
CORN CRUSHERS. 
1. By R. Sinclair Jr. A Co. Baltimore, Md. Second Premium. 
2. C. N. Bement, Three Hills Farm, “Ransom's.” 
3. Obed Hussey, Baltimore., Md. First Premium. 
4. James Murray, Baltimore, Md. Third Premium. 
6. Jas. Murray, Baltimore, Md. “ Hand Crusher.” Diploma. 
CORN SHELTERS. 
1. By John A. Whitford, Saratoga Springs. Diploma. 
2. George E. Waring, Stamford, Ct. 
3. W. Thorburn, Albany, “ Adriance’s.” 
MISCELLANEOUS IMPLEMENTS. 
By B. Langdon, Troy, Cultivator Plow. Diploma. 
W. Thorburn, Albany, Wheeler A Rollins' Root Cutter. 
T. R. Hussey, Auburn, Reaping Machine. Premium, $10. 
I. T. Grant, Scaghticoke, Grain Cradle and Scythe. Diploma. 
James Murray, Baltimore, Md., self sharpening Hand Mill. 
Lewis Stiman, Bethlehem, Plowing, Sowing, Cultivating, Roll¬ 
ing and Dragging Machine, Saw Filing, Machine, Water 
Wheel, and Hand Rake. 
George I). Avery, Oxford, Dynamometer. 
William Platt, Waterford, Patent Chuck. 
Daniel Caley, Bethlehem, Improved Probang, Premium. Hog 
Catcher, and Straw Basket. 
Augustus Thayer, Chatham, Columbian Pump. 
Buggies, Nourse A Mason, 1 doz. Hoes, Subsoil Plow. 
H. Clark, Petersbugh, 1 Hoe. Diploma. 
W. Jacks, Coeymans, Lever Railway Hay Press. Premium. 
C. N. Keinent, Three Hills, Farm, Poultry Feeding House. 
Mr. Crowell, Lime Rock, Ct., Thermometer Churn. Diploma. 
P. Van Antwerp, Coeymans, Re-acting Chum Dasher. 
Collins A Stone, Hartford, Ct., Cheese Press. Diploma. 
A. R. A S. H. Fox, Sand Lake, Window Glass. 
Mellen Battel, Albany, Portable Steam Generator. Medal. 
J. L. Mott, New-York, 2 Agricultural Furnaces. Diploma. 
Chollar A Jones, West Troy, Cauldron Kettles. 
J. A. Pitts, Albany, Self Protecting Bee Hive. 
L. Tucker, Albany, Week’s Vermont Bee Hive, and Hall's Self 
Protecting Bee Hive. 
Report of Judges on Cultivators, Harrows, 4 - c. 
Mr. Geo. W. Patterson, from the Committee on Harrows, Cul¬ 
tivators, Drill Barrows, Yokes, and agricultural implements 
not specially under the examination of other committees,would 
respectfully report,— 
That they have been exceedingly gratified with the ingenuity 
displayed in the manufacture of many of the articles exhibited 
for their inspection, some of which will be noticed in the proper 
place in this report. 
£ lthough Drill Barrows are in general use, and every practi¬ 
cal farmer in the state, has, (or ought to have,) an ox yoke, 
still neither of those articles were presented for our inspection. 
The Harrows presented, were by no means perfect in their 
construction, but after mature deliberation, the committee 
came to the conclusion to award to Marcus Adams, of Monroe 
County, for his wrought iron hinge Harrow, the first premium 
of $8. 
To Christopher Proctor, of Bethlehem, Albany co., for the 2d 
best Harrow, with sliding attachment and improved hinge, a 
premium of $5. 
To Daniel Caley, o( Bethlehem, Albany co. for the 3d best 
Harrow, a Diploma. 
The Committee after examining all the different Cultivators 
presented, came to the conclusion to award the first premium of 
$8, to J. If. Coons, of Rensselaer county, for his wheat Culti¬ 
vator. It will be found a very useful implement upon summer 
fallows, and for covering the wheat when sown. 
To Ruggles, Nourse and Mason, of Worcester, Mass, for Be- 
meat’s Corn Cultivator, with graduating roller, and an improve¬ 
ment in the manner of extending or contracting the width of the 
implement, a premium of $5. 
To Eliakim Elmer, of Delta, Oneida co., a Diploma, for the 
common Corn Cultivator, an article of beautiful workmanship. 
The Committee examined a very superior horse hoe, invented 
by Mr. J. C. Langdon, of Troy, and take great pleasure in re¬ 
commending it to the favorable consideration of the agricultu¬ 
ral community, asnn implement of much valne indressing corn, 
and earthing potatoes, and they award to the inventor a diploma. 
There were a large number of Cast Iron Corn Crushers and 
Grinders, presented for the examination of the committee, all 
from the city of Baltimore. We were much pleased with all 
these machines, and more particularly with that part of them 
which is calculated for crushing the corn when taken in the ear, 
the grinding part being of less importance to the farmers in 
most parts of this state. 
From the imperfect manner in which the committee were ena¬ 
bled to test these machines, it is very difficult to determine 
which would be most useful to our farmers. The committee 
would be gratified if they had the necessary means at command 
to bestow it liberally to each of the gentlemen presenting ma¬ 
chines, but as they are not thus fortunate, they have come to 
the conclusion to award to Mr. O.Hussey, for the best machine, 
taking into consideration the price, a premium of $8. 
To Robert Sinclair, Jr. for the 2d best, a premium of $6. 
To James Murray, for the 3d best machine, a premium of $4. 
These machines are all calculated for horse power, and would 
take up but little room on the granary floor of our farmers, and 
would he of essential service in preparing feed for stock. 
The Committee would further remark, that Mr. Murray pre¬ 
sented a Crusher, calculated for hand power, on the same prin¬ 
ciple of his larger ones, which would be valuable for farmers 
where they have but few cattle to feed, and are of limited pecu¬ 
niary means, for which the committee award him a Diploma. 
A Grain Cutter, invented by Obed Hussey, was presented 
by T. R. Hussey, of Auburn, Cayuga co., for the inspection of 
the committee. This machine is propelled by horse power, and 
is calculated to cut from twelve to eighteen acres of wheat in 
a day. 
It is so constructed that the wheat may be cut at any distance 
from the ground the fanner may desire, it has been used in 
many of our western counties, with perfect success, doing the 
work in standing grain, better than the ordinary way of har¬ 
vesting. A great saving of labor, as well as grain, is effected in 
the use of this machine. Some members of the committee have 
seen Mr. Hussey’s lately improved machines fully tested, and 
can speak from personal knowledge, of their utility. They are 
calculated to operate well on level land, or where it is mode¬ 
rately uneven. The committee, therefore, award to T. R. Hus¬ 
sey, for his machine, a premium of $10. 
Mr. Calvin Olds of Marlboro,’ Vt., an ingenious mechanic of 
the “Mountain State,” presented two Grain Sowers, one cal¬ 
culated for horse power, and the other to be drawn by hand. 
These machines are very creditable to the inventor, and furnish 
another evidence of” Yankee” ingenuity and enterprise. These 
machines have never been fully tested, but are intended for 
sowing all kinds of grain, grass seed, and plaster, and there is 
little doubt that the inventor, after the machine has been in use 
a short time, (if it is not now perfect,) will endeavor to make it 
so ; and as there are no funds at the disposal of the committee, 
for premiums on Grain Sowers, they award to Mr. Olds, a di¬ 
ploma, which he has richly earned. 
There were several Corn Shelters on the ground, which were 
examined by the committee. They all appeared to be well con¬ 
structed, but as the committee were unable to find the owners 
of any but one of the machines, they award to J. A. Whitford, 
of Saratoga Springs, a diploma, for the best Corn Sheller and 
Cleaner, examined by the committee. 
A “Poultry Feeding Fountain,” was presented by C. N. Be¬ 
ment, Esq. of Albany, a very ingenious and valuable article for 
feeding domestic fowls, inasmuch as there can be no waste of 
the grain, and the expense must be so trifling, that every farmer 
can afford to procure one. The committee therefore award to 
Mr. Bement, a diploma. 
The Committee also award to Henry Burden, Esq. of Troy, a 
diploma, for a beautiful specimen of Horse Shoes, made by ma¬ 
chinery. This “labor saving machine,” in the opinion of the 
committee, is a valuable improvement, and is destined to cre¬ 
ate an important change in the construction of that indispensi- 
ble article. 
The Screw Railway Hay and Cotton Press, offered by W. S. 
Jacks, of Catskill, N. Y. It is a machine combining great pow¬ 
er, convenience of operation, and constructed on true and phi¬ 
losophic principles, and is a great desideratum to the river 
counties, and all places not contiguous to market, and also to 
Cotton and Hop growers; and the committee think they do not 
exaggerate, when they say, it is in their opinion, the perfection 
of machinery for that purpose. The committee therefore award 
to Mr. Jacks, a premium of $6. 
Tlie Thermometer Churn, presented by Mr. Crowell, of Lime 
Rock, Conn, seems to remedy one of the evils that have beset 
the dairy maid and housewife, from time immemorial—explain¬ 
ing the cause of the difficulty of the coming of butter, and doing 
away with the necessiiy of using the heated horse shoe, or iron 
wedge, to expel witches. The committee award to Mr. Crowell, 
a diploma. 
Self-acting Cheese Press. An ingenious contrivance forrnak- 
ing the weight of the cheese press itself, presented by Collins A 
Stone. This press is in use in many parts of Connecticut, with 
perfect success. The committee award to Messrs. Collins & 
Stone, a diploma. 
The trowel tempered, cast steel, goose necked Hoe, presented 
by II Clark, of Rensselaer county, a well made, neat, and du¬ 
rable article. The committee award to Mr. Clark, a diploma. 
The Columbian Pump, made by Augustus Thayer, of Chatham, 
Columbia co., N. York. This article is got up with great judg¬ 
ment as to correct principles, and combines some new and valu¬ 
able principles not heretofore introduced. The commietle 
award to him a diploma . 
A superior grain Cradle was presented by Isaac T. Grant & 
Co. for which they are entitled to a diploma. 
Mott’s Agricultural Furnaces. Two *>f these very valua¬ 
ble furnaces were exhibited by Mr. J. L. Mott of New-York. to 
whom a diploma is awarded, Mr. Mott having received the 
highest premium for the same article, at the last State Fair. 
And last, though not least in importance, among the various 
articles presented for our inspection, is a very useful, andbeau- 
tifully constructed and improved Probang, invented by Mr. Dan¬ 
iel Caley, of Bethlehem, Albany co., for relieving choked, and 
hoven, or bloated cattle. This implement is calculated (or the 
removal of potatoes, apples, or other substances, with which 
an ox or cow, may be choked, without any considerable pain to 
the animal, and with perfect safely. It will, without the least 
difficulty, extract from the stomach of a bloated animal, the sa¬ 
liva, gas, or wind, and thus effect an instant cure. It is an ar¬ 
ticle so much needed by every grower of cattle, that the com¬ 
mittee would be glad to see them in the possessln of all our 
farmers, and would urgently recommend to the Executive Com¬ 
mittee to awaid to Mr. Caley, a discretionary premium, or sil¬ 
ver medal. All which is respectfully submitted. 
GEO. W. PATTERSON, Ch’n 
HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS A GARDEN ORNAMENTS. 
1. By B. F. Smith A Co., Syracuse, 1 pr. Pledge Shears, 1 pr. 
Grass Shears, 2 Pruning Saws, 1 Manure Fork, 1 Cast 
Steel Shovel, 1 Iron Shovel, 2 large Spades, 1 small Spade, 
1 boy’s Shovel, I Bill Hook, 1 Tree Scraper, 1 Floor Scra¬ 
per, 1 Deck Scraper, 1 Garden Keel, 2 Potatoe Hoes, 1 
Weeding Hoe, 1 Ladies’ Hoe, C Hoes, 1 Garden Syringe, 3 
Weeding Trowels. First Premium. 
2. By Jordan L. Mott, New-York, Cast Iron Vases. First Prem. 
Report of Judges on Horticultural Implements, S, c. 
The Committee to whom was assigned the examination of 
of Horticultural Implements and Garden Ornaments, respect¬ 
fully report,—That they have attended to this duty, but regret 
that there are so few competitors in this branch of agricultural 
implements. The committee have come to the unanimous con¬ 
clusion that Messrs. Benj. F. Smith & Co. of Syracuse, are enti¬ 
tled to the first premium for the best assortment of Horticultu¬ 
ral Implements, $10. 
