232 
HALF HOURS WITH INSECTS. [Packard. 
clothed with the short, stiff hairs which cover their bodies, 
pass backwards and forwards in their burrow, they brush the 
dust and chips into the notches, thus covering the eggs up. 
When they hatch the young grubs gnaw their way straight 
out for two or three inches from the primary tunnel, which 
may be from four to eight inches in length. It has been 
noticed that the burrows are always separate, never touching 
or crossing each other. When about to pupate, i. e., change 
to a pupa, the grub sinks deep into the wood at the outer 
end of the burrow. This species attacks the pine when in 
perfect health. 
Another wood engraver, nearly two lines in length, is the 
Tomicus calligraplius. It makes short, large, irregular bur¬ 
rows, and is common in the yellow pines of the Carolinas, as 
well as the pitch pine of the northern states. 
The burrow of the Tomicus pini is like a bird’s claw, or 
the fingers of a hand. As the beetle is a line and a half in 
Fig. 176. length its burrows are rather 
II I I I I I I I than usual. 
" * I I The smallest form known is 
Tunnel of Timber Beetle. the TomicuS pusillus^ slightly 
more than half a line in length. 
It mines extremely fine, slender, wavy passages in every di¬ 
rection, mostly in the wood. The eggs are laid so that the 
young grubs mine outwards, travelling away from each other. 
In the bark beetles there are several males to one female 
at work in a mine. We now come to the true timber beetles, 
which sink their tunnels deep into the wood. Here the fe¬ 
males are most numerous, and are probably not aided in 
their work by the males. 
The Tomicus materarius is a line and a half long, and red- 
dish- 3 ^cllow in color. It makes a straight burrow, with regu¬ 
lar secondary tunnels running out at right angles to the main 
one, somewhat as in Fig. 176. Its presence may be known 
by the clean white piles of borings it throws out of its hole. 
8 
