Packaed.] 
INSECTS OE THE EOEEST. 
255 
hickory trees in it.” Mr. Riley adds, “ the beetles issue the 
latter part of June and fore part of July. Both sexes bore 
into the tree, the male for food and the female mostly for 
the purpose of laying her eggs. In thus entering the tree, 
they bore slantingly and upward, and do not confine them¬ 
selves to the trunk, but penetrate the small branches and 
even the twigs. The entrance to the twig is usually made 
at the axil of a bud or leaf, and the channel often causes 
the leaf to wither and drop, or the twig to die or break off. 
“The female in depositing confines herself to the trunk or 
larger limbs, placing her eggs each side of a vertical cham¬ 
ber, as described by Mr. Bryant. Here she frequently dies, 
and her remains may be found long after her progeny have 
commenced working. The larvse bore their cylindrical chan¬ 
nels, at first, transversely and diverging, but afterward 
lengthwise along the bark, always crowding the widening 
burrows with their powdery excrement, which is of the same 
color as the bark. The full-grown larva is soft, yellowish, 
and without trace of legs. The head is slightly darker, with 
brown jaws, and the stigmata so pale that they are with dif¬ 
ficulty discerned. It remains torpid in the winter, and 
transforms to the pupa state about the end of the following 
May. The pupa is smooth and unarmed, and shows no sex¬ 
ual differences. The perfect beetle issues through a hole 
made direct from the sap-wood, and a badly infested tree 
looks as though it had been peppered with No. 8 shot. The 
sexes differ widely from each other, the male having spines 
on the truncated portion of the abdomen, not possessed by 
the female. The eggs are deposited during the months of 
August and September, and the transformations are effected 
within one year, as no larvse will be found remaining in the 
tree the latter part of July.” 
The chestnut tree is sometimes infested by the Shining 
Arrhopalus (Fig. 195). Except the fact that it has been 
taken from the chestnut tree, I know nothing further con- 
31 
