one side, then on the other, passing over the body at about 
the sixth section. This thread is strengthened by many 
fibers carried over and over, and the insect is held securely 
in place. When the sleeping pupa is formed it cannot drop 
from its perch. In about thirty hours more the transformation 
trom the larva to the pupa will be complete, and instead of 
an active caterpillar there will be a green, stiff, angular chrysa¬ 
lis occupying the place. The operation seems to be a great 
struggle for the animal, for the skin must be burst open by 
an internal effort of the larva. It writhes and twists and 
turns, this way and that, until it enlarges its diameter just 
back of the head enough to split the skin on the back. By 
patiently watching this operation, we may see a very interesting 
struggle. The process becomes more simple when the first 
breaking of the skin has been accomplished. The chrysalis 
is forming rapidly. The head is withdrawn from its mask 
and the six jointed legs are pulled out of their larval cover¬ 
ings. The skin, as it dries, moves backward. This is 
hastened also by the wriggling of the insect until it has 
gone to the last segments- of the body. 
A difficult feat yet to be performed is that of casting the 
old skin by removing it from its fastenings in the silken 
mound. In its stead the tail end of the chrysalis must be 
attached. This is done by grasping the shriveled skin in 
the folds of the rear segments of the chrysalis, then withdraw¬ 
ing the last segment from its covering and breaking loose 
the old hooks, which were fastened into the silken threads, 
and grasping with the new hooks, the old skin is released 
and drops to the ground. In this position the insect remains 
for about two weeks, when, by a similar struggle, the chrysa- 
a 
