Packard.] 
INSECTS AS MIMICS. 
265 
be readily mistaken for a dead leaf. All these Graptas, with 
Vanessa Antiopa , are among the most abundant of our but¬ 
terflies. The most perfect resemblance to a leaf with its 
stalk is afforded by the well known case of the Kallima, 
figured and described by Mr. Wallace in his interesting book 
entitled “The Malay Archipelago.” 
The caterpillars which feed on herbage or the leaves of 
trees are almost universally protected from the attacks of 
birds by their adaptive coloration. Those caterpillars which 
feed on the pines have a family look, though belonging to 
different natural families. For example, the larva of the Eu¬ 
ropean pine Fidonia, our native Cleora of the pine, the pine 
Trachea, the pine hawk moth (Ellema) and other caterpillars 
have markings very much in common, having as a ground 
color the peculiar green of fresh pine needles, with red 
stripes and bars corresponding in tone to the red sheaths of 
the needles. The leaves of the Austrian pine are devoured 
by a saw fly larva (Lyda, Fig. 202) which is reddish olive 
green with reddish and purple patches and lines. The Abia 
of the Tartarean honeysuckle (Fig. 203) is of a peculiar 
9 
