The Ancient Fauna of Essex. 
23 
the Cyrena brick-eartli at Grays, it seems to inosculate with 
the gravel which (as shown in the Section at page 62 of the 
third volume of the ‘ Geological Magazine 1 ; and Trans. Essex 
Field Club, vol. i., p. 32) partially underlies the brick-earth 
at that place. I, however, believe that this inosculation is 
not real, but that the gravel, c, really lies up against 
the beds of gravel, sand, and brick-earth which form the 
Cyrena -deposit of that place, and which are shown in the 
present Section under the letter b. All the gravel and brick- 
eartli beds occurring in the valleys of the Thames, and of its 
tributaries, are now pretty generally admitted by geologists 
to be posterior to the true Glacial period; and their relation 
to the extensive deposit of Glacial clay which covers so much 
of the midland and eastern counties (Bed No. 6) is shown by 
Section on page 32, Trans. Essex Field Club, vol. i. 
(reprinted from page 43 of the fifth volume of the ‘ Geological 
Magazine,’ 1868).” 
“To return to the Ilford brick-fields: the Cyrena brick- 
earth here attains a thickness of nearly twenty feet. It may 
be seen in the field on the London-road resting in one part 
direct on the London-clay, while in another part it has a thin 
band of shingly gravel beneath it. In the Uphall brick-field 
its position relatively to the newest gravel is best shown, 
the two deposits being unconformable. 
“ When we consider the limited area from which the col¬ 
lection of the late Sir Antonio Brady has been made, it seems 
not a little remarkable that it should so well represent the 
vertebrate fauna characteristic of these deposits, in regard to 
the number of species; whilst it greatly exceeds in number 
of specimens any hitherto attempted from this neighbourhood. 
The relative proportions of the remains of the several families 
are also such as are generally found in similar deposits in 
other localities. 
“ Of the Carnivores the remains are few,—only eleven,—and 
belong to the Lion, Fox? (one fragment), and the Bear. The 
first is represented by two examples ; but, as we might expect 
from the known active habits of the Felidae, their remains are 
comparatively rare in all aqueous deposits, being more gene¬ 
rally found in caves and rock-fissures. Of the Bear one species 
is recorded as having been found at Ilford, viz., TJrsus ferox. 
