32 
The Macro-Lepidopterci of the 
woods, but hardly to a sufficient extent to produce real birch¬ 
feeding species. At Danbury, especially towards Little 
Baddow, it is common enough, but generally in places that 
are not very accessible after dark. Willows may be found in 
most parts of the district, but they do not seem to attain to 
large dimensions; the sallow is also frequent, and, as a good 
deal of the land is low-lying, is often very luxuriant in its 
growth. The hedges about here are composed chiefly of 
blackthorn, maple, and whitethorn, the first-named being more 
abundant than in most districts. Hornbeam is common, as 
a shrub, especially in woods; pollards, such as abound in 
Epping Forest, are not to be found in this district. 
Broom is of very general occurrence, and is particularly 
abundant round Danbury. Clematis , which, according to 
Gibson’s ‘ Flora of Essex,’ occurs abundantly at Maldon, is 
in my experience very rare in the district. There is a little 
at Danbury, and still less at Hoe Mill; when you get into 
the Witham district it is quite common. Near Witham 
I have frequently obtained Iodis vernaria and other species 
that affect Clematis , but have never met with them in the 
district of which I am now treating. 
I shall now proceed to give a brief sketch of the Lepidoptera 
that occur round Maldon, as observed by myself during a 
period of seven years, from 1872 to 1876, and during 1880, 
1881, and 1882. The list is probably incomplete to a large 
extent, as must necessarily be the case in a district where 
there is a paucity of working entomologists. Our Vice- 
President, Mr. E. A. Fitch, F.L.S., of Brick House, Maldon, 
has kindly sent me a list of the rarer species that he has 
observed, chiefly on his own land, and from this I have been 
able to add twenty-three species to my list. The other 
species, with the exception of Papilio machaon, Vanessa 
c-album, and Coremia quadrifasciaria, have all been taken by 
myself. The absence of many ordinary species, such as 
Amphidasys betularia from the Georuetrae, and Dianthcccia 
carpopliaga from the Noctuas, will at once strike those who 
study the list. They are very possibly present, but I have 
hitherto failed to discover them. 
