10 
The Presidential Address. 
founders of that Society, and in 1857 he was elected a Fellow 
of the Linnean Society. His researches in connection with 
febrifuge alkaloids led him, when at Madrid in 1858, to pur¬ 
chase the manuscript of the ‘ Nueva Quinologia’ of Pavon 
and a large collection of specimens of Cinchona made by that 
botanist in Peru. He also employed Mr. Fitch, the well- 
known botanical artist, to proceed to Madrid to make 
drawings from Pavon’s specimens. The result was the 
publication, in 1862, of Mr. Howard’s magnificent illustrated 
work, ‘Illustrations of the “Nueva Quinologia” of Pavon, 
and Observations on the Barks Described.’ 
When the Government of India, with the help of Messrs. 
Clements Markham, Spruce, and Cross, introduced cinchona 
cultivation into that country, they found Mr. Howard ready 
to give them all the advice and assistance in his power with¬ 
out a thought of recompense. He undertook analyses of all 
the varieties of Peruvian bark grown in India, drew up a 
series of reports invaluable to cultivators, and embodied the 
results of his investigations in another costly work, the 
£ Quinology of the East Indian Plantations,’ published in 
1869. He received the thanks of Her Majesty’s Government 
for his services from the Duke of Argyll, then Secretary of 
State for India, in 1873, and in 1874 was elected a Fellow of 
the Royal Society. In October, 1888, Mr. Howard received 
the Hanbury Gold Medal of the Pharmaceutical Society in 
recognition of the value of his researches respecting materia 
medica. A descriptive botanist and an analytical chemist 
rather than a philosophising naturalist, Mr. Howard became 
a Vice-President of the Victoria Institute, and published 
various papers in the Journal of that Society on the recon¬ 
ciliation of Science and Revelation. He also took considerable 
interest in gardening, especially in hybridisation as bearing 
on Cinchonas, of which he had a large number in culti¬ 
vation. He was a member of numerous continental scientific 
societies, and the author of numerous papers, mostly on 
Quinology. 
He married Maria, daughter of the late W. D. Crewdson, 
of Kendal, and leaves a large number of children and grand- 
