On the Sand-Pit at High Ongar , Essex. 
77 
The sand thus disclosed was in the Geological Map which 
I made from my own survey of Sheet 1 of the one inch to the 
mile Ordnance issues (and which I in the year 1866 gave to 
the Library of the Geological Society of London), shown as 
the Lower Bagshot, with which in all respects it seems 
identical; but the gentlemen of the Official Survey, when a 
few years afterwards they worked over Essex, rejected this 
view on the ground that the sand was at much too low a 
level for it to be possible ; and at page 825 of vol. iv. of the 
‘ Memoirs of the Geological Survey of England ’ they so state 
and refer it to the Middle Glacial Sand and Gravel “c” 
(“c” of my late paper on the Newer Pliocene Period in 
England). 2 
Although this sand and gravel is present under the chalky 
clay near the head of the Boding Valley, at Fyfield on the 
Boding, and at Moreton on the Cripsey Brook, and is repre¬ 
sented by some crushed gravel beneath that clay at 
Willingdale Spain, near Moreton, and also at Stapleford 
Tawney, Theydon Mount, and Theydon Bois, and by some 
gravel near the church at Stondon Massey, and Paslow Hall 
Farm, which has the chalky clay hard by, though not over 
it (having, so far as exposures reveal the case, been ploughed 
out and destroyed elsewhere throughout this valley by the 
ice which filled it during the formation of the chalky clay 3 ), 
yet none of this at all resembles the sand of the High Ongar 
Pit, from which the gravel at Stondon and Paslow Hall Farm 
is but a mile distant. 
1 Geological Magazine ’ for March, 1885, with a full list of his published 
papers, so many of which refer to the East Anglian district. To 
Mr. Wood’s kindness and readiness to take the greatest trouble in 
affording information to enquirers, many besides ourselves would be 
pleased to bear a testimony of gratitude.— Ed.] 
2 [“The Newer Pliocene Period in England,” Parts I. and II. 
‘Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,’ Yol. xxxvi. (1880), p. 457 ; 
and Yol. xxxviii. (1882), p. 667. Mr. Wood has kindly presented 
annotated copies of these papers, together with a series of explanatory 
manuscript sections, to the Library of the Club (vide ‘ Proceedings,’ 
February 24th, 1888).—Ed.] 
As described in the first part of my paper on the “Newer Pliocene 
Period in England.” 
