82 
On the Sand-Pit at High Ongar, Essex. 
the level of which base, where not covered by the chalky clay 
(as it is covered at Norton Heath), ranges between 240 and 
260 feet above Ordnance datum, and is to be found uncovered 
by that clay near Frierning, Kelvedon, Hatch Common, 
Shenfield, Brentwood, South Weald, Havering, and Lam- 
bourne End on the east, and Epping and High Beach on the 
west of the Boding. 
W.S.W. Paslow. E.N.E. 
River High Ongar Paslow Hall 
Roding. Sand-pit. Farm. Norton Heath. 
Fig. 2. —References to beds the same as in Memoir on the Newer 
Pliocene Period in England, viz.: —V. London Clay. VI. The Lower 
Bagshot. VIII. Pebble-beds of uncertain age—probably Diestian (oldest 
Pliocene), and if not so, of Bagshot age. c. Gravel of the Glacial 
emergence, d. The Chalky Clay. N.B.—There is some gravel also in the 
Roding Valley-bottom, but it is intermittent and Post-Glacial. 
Appendix. 
Note on Mr. W. H. Dalton’s Paper on the “ Blackwater 
Valley, Essex.” 
[Mr. Wood kindly presented to the Library of the Club a 
copy of his paper in the ‘ Philosophical Magazine ’ for March, 
1864 (vol. xxvii. (Ser. 4), page 180), entitled “ On the Forma¬ 
tion of the Biver- and other Valleys of the East of England,” 
adding thereto in MS. the following remarks (dated December, 
1888) upon Mr. Dalton’s paper (Trans. Essex F. Club, vol. ii. 
(1881), p. 15). As these observations appear to be very 
pertinent to the subjects treated of in the paper on the Ongar 
Sand-pit, we print them here, with a few verbal alterations, 
by permission of the author.— Ed.] 
considerable variation in our respective delineations of the Lower 
Bagshot beds in Essex. The alternations of the sand with the brick- 
earth (or loam) layers in these passage beds are so inconstant that no 
other line than that which the lowest sand-bed anywhere gives will, in 
my opinion, serve for a division-line between the London Clay and the 
Bagshot Sands, the one being merely a continuation of the other by the 
shoaling of the sea-bottom. 
