87 
VI. 
Miscellaneous Notes on Deneholes, 1888. 
By T. Vincent Holmes, F.G.S., M.A.I. 
[Read October 27th, 1883.] 
L The Pits at Hangman’s Wood, near Grays, visited by the Essex 
Field Club and the Geologists’ Association, June 15th and 16th, 
1883. 
On Friday, June 15th, the pit marked on the map 1 as 
No. 4 was inspected by four members of the Esses Field 
Club, our Secretary, Mr. H. A. Cole, Dr. Cory, and myself. 
Four visitors also descended in the afternoon, the Rev. T. W. 
Embleton Thomas, of Greenwich, Mrs. Thomas, and two 
other ladies. No. 4 was found to he of the double trefoil 
pattern. Compared with No. 8, it showed a certain amount 
of irregularity, and a want of finish. The chambers on one 
side of the shaft were decidedly larger than those on the 
other, and at the end of each chamber the floor was a rough 
slope down towards the shaft, 12 or 13 ft. long, which 
extended to the foot of the rubbish-mound; while in No. 3 
the floor is level to the end, or very nearly so. The height 
of the chambers was also very variable, the highest point 
reached being about 16 ft. Two sand-pipes were seen above 
the entrances to two of the chambers, a circumstance worth 
noting, as pipes in the chalk are rare when there is any great 
thickness of beds above the Chalk; the waste of the Chalk 
under such circumstances being usually even and regular. 2 
Pits Nos. 5 and 6 were visited on Saturday by perhaps 
twelve or fourteen persons, while the bulk of our visitors 
were inspecting No. 3. No. 5 is the last of the open shafts. 
On descending it the double trefoil plan was again disclosed. 
The height of the chambers was about 18 ft., and the pit 
1 Trans. Essex Field Club, vol. iii., pi. ii. 
2 Whitaker, ‘ Guide to the Geology of London,’ 3rd edit., p. 32. 
