upon British Ethnology. 
211 
around Troyes and Langres, in the old Agri Decimates (now 
Wirtemburg), and even those in Frisia are to a very large 
extent identical. Thus, if the names were clan-names it 
might be impossible to deny that the English and continental 
districts were peopled by branches of the same clans. But 
the names being personal and not family or clan names “ the 
Baldo of one tribe need not be closely related to the Baldo 
of another tribe, any more than John Smith need be related 
to John Jones.” Still this singular identity even of personal 
names suggests that those who gave them to English villages 
were much more probably colonists from Romanized Germany 
than Angles, Saxons, or Jutes. These holdings of tribal 
households may have been from the first (Mr. Seebohm 
thinks.) embryo manors with serfs on them. “As a matter 
of fact the actual settlements in question had, at all events, 
become manors before the dates of the earliest documents.” 
Tribal households may have occasionally expanded into free 
village communities. But the evidence is against the view 
that German emigration generally took that form. 
In summing up the economic evidence, Mr. Seebohm re¬ 
marks that it is sufficient to prove either that there was a 
sufficient degree of continuity between Roman Villa and 
Saxon Manor to preserve the type, or that the German in¬ 
vaders must have been thoroughly Romanized before their 
arrival here ; it being utterly impossible that a system abound¬ 
ing with survivals of usages of the Roman-German province 
could have been introduced into England by un-Romanized 
pirates from Northern Germany. 
In addition to this evidence of continuity in land tenure, 
Mr. Seebohm points out how common is that of continuity 
between Roman and English villages in the small district of 
which Hitchin is the centre, and which he has had an oppor¬ 
tunity of examining. He also notices the amount of archceo- 
logical evidence of a similar kind elsewhere which accumulates 
as time goes on. Turning from villages to towns, I may 
remark that Professor Pearson 24 gives a list of about fifty 
towns in illustration of the very considerable amount of con- 
Historical Maps of England.’ 
